Chronic bronchitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms as a cough with sputum production on most days for 3 months of a year, for 2 consecutive years.<ref name=ohcm>Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Rajagopalan S (2005). ''Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine'', 6ed. [[Oxford University Press]]. pp 188-189. ISBN 0-19-852558-3.</ref>. Chronic bronchitis is hallmarked by [[hyperplasia]] (increased number) and [[hypertrophy]] (increased size) of the goblet cells ([[mucous gland]]) of the airway, resulting in an increase in secretion of mucus which contributes to the airway obstruction. [[Microscope|Microscopically]] there is [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of the airway walls with [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] cells, particularly [[neutrophils]]. Inflammation is followed by scarring and remodeling that thickens the walls resulting in narrowing of the small airway. Further progression leads to [[metaplasia]] (abnormal change in the tissue) and [[fibrosis]] (further thickening and scarring) of the lower airway. The consequence of these changes is a limitation of airflow.<ref name=kc>Kumar P, Clark M (2005). ''Clinical Medicine'', 6ed. Elsevier Saunders. pp 900-901. ISBN 0702027634.</ref>. | Chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms as a cough with sputum production on most days for 3 months of a year, for 2 consecutive years.<ref name=ohcm>Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Rajagopalan S (2005). ''Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine'', 6ed. [[Oxford University Press]]. pp 188-189. ISBN 0-19-852558-3.</ref>. Chronic bronchitis is hallmarked by [[hyperplasia]] (increased number) and [[hypertrophy]] (increased size) of the goblet cells ([[mucous gland]]) of the airway, resulting in an increase in secretion of mucus which contributes to the airway obstruction. [[Microscope|Microscopically]] there is [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of the airway walls with [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] cells, particularly [[neutrophils]]. Inflammation is followed by scarring and remodeling that thickens the walls resulting in narrowing of the small airway. Further progression leads to [[metaplasia]] (abnormal change in the tissue) and [[fibrosis]] (further thickening and scarring) of the lower airway. The consequence of these changes is a limitation of airflow.<ref name=kc>Kumar P, Clark M (2005). ''Clinical Medicine'', 6ed. Elsevier Saunders. pp 900-901. ISBN 0702027634.</ref>. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Chronic bronchitis is defined in clinical terms as a cough with sputum production on most days for 3 months of a year, for 2 consecutive years.[1]. Chronic bronchitis is hallmarked by hyperplasia (increased number) and hypertrophy (increased size) of the goblet cells (mucous gland) of the airway, resulting in an increase in secretion of mucus which contributes to the airway obstruction. Microscopically there is infiltration of the airway walls with inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. Inflammation is followed by scarring and remodeling that thickens the walls resulting in narrowing of the small airway. Further progression leads to metaplasia (abnormal change in the tissue) and fibrosis (further thickening and scarring) of the lower airway. The consequence of these changes is a limitation of airflow.[2].
Pathophysiology
References
- ↑ Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Rajagopalan S (2005). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 6ed. Oxford University Press. pp 188-189. ISBN 0-19-852558-3.
- ↑ Kumar P, Clark M (2005). Clinical Medicine, 6ed. Elsevier Saunders. pp 900-901. ISBN 0702027634.