Conjunctivitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor for conjunctivitis is exposure to an individual infected with either the [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] form of conjunctivitis. Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for conjunctivitis in babies born to mothers infected with either ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' or ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''. | The most potent risk factor for conjunctivitis is exposure to an individual infected with either the [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] form of conjunctivitis. Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for conjunctivitis in babies born to mothers infected with either ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' or ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''.<ref name="pmid21718563">{{cite journal| author=Epling J| title=Bacterial conjunctivitis. | journal=BMJ Clin Evid | year= 2010 | volume= 2010 | issue= | pages= | pmid=21718563 | doi= | pmc=2907624 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21718563 }} </ref> | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
People who are exposed to someone infected with the [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. [[Children]] and [[adults]] can develop both [[bacterial]] and [[viral]] conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young [[children]]. | People who are exposed to someone infected with the [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. [[Children]] and [[adults]] can develop both [[bacterial]] and [[viral]] conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young [[children]]. | ||
Additionally, [[babies]] born to mothers infected with either [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' or ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During [[delivery]], these babies can contract [[ophthalmia neonatorum]], a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their [[eyes]] are exposed to the [[bacteria]] in the [[birth canal]]. It must be treated immediately to prevent [[blindness]]. | Additionally, [[babies]] born to mothers infected with either [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' or ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During [[delivery]], these babies can contract [[ophthalmia neonatorum]], a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their [[eyes]] are exposed to the [[bacteria]] in the [[birth canal]]. It must be treated immediately to prevent [[blindness]]. <ref name="pmid21718563">{{cite journal| author=Epling J| title=Bacterial conjunctivitis. | journal=BMJ Clin Evid | year= 2010 | volume= 2010 | issue= | pages= | pmid=21718563 | doi= | pmc=2907624 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21718563 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20082509">{{cite journal| author=Cronau H, Kankanala RR, Mauger T| title=Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2010 | volume= 81 | issue= 2 | pages= 137-44 | pmid=20082509 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20082509 }} </ref> | ||
===Infective Conjunctivitis=== | ===Infective Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of infective conjunctivitis include: | |||
*Poor hygienic habits | *Poor hygienic habits | ||
*Poor [[contact lens]] hygiene | *Poor [[contact lens]] hygiene | ||
| Line 22: | Line 24: | ||
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of neonatal conjunctivitis include: | |||
*Maternal infections | *Maternal infections | ||
*HIV infected mothers | *HIV infected mothers | ||
| Line 34: | Line 37: | ||
===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of allergic conjunctivitis include: | |||
*[[Pollen]] from trees, grass | *[[Pollen]] from trees, grass | ||
*Animal skin and secretions such as [[saliva]] | *Animal skin and secretions such as [[saliva]] | ||
| Line 42: | Line 46: | ||
===Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ===Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of keratoconjunctivitis sicca include: | |||
*[[Allergies]] | |||
*Decreased hormones (aging, pregnancy) | |||
*Thyroid eye conditions | |||
*[[Blepharitis]] | |||
*Medication use ([[anti histamines]], [[beta-blockers]], pain relievers, sleeping pills, [[diuretics]], [[Hormones replacement]], and [[oral contraceptives]]) | |||
*[[Autoimmune disorders]] ([[Sjogren's syndrome]], [[Lupus]] ,and [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]) | |||
*Eye surgery | |||
*Infrequent blinking (staring at computer and [[Parkinson's]]) | |||
*Environmental (dusty or windy) | |||
*Contact lens use | |||
*Neurologic conditions ([[stroke]], [[Bell's palsy]], Parkinson's, [[trigeminal nerve]] problem) | |||
*[[Uveitis]] | |||
*[[Iritis]] | |||
*[[Diabetes]] | |||
*[[Vitamin A deficiency]] | |||
Common risk factors in the development of superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis include: | |||
*Mechanical [[soft-tissue]] [[microtrauma]] (conjunctiva laxity) | |||
*Morphologic changes in superior [[conjunctival]] | |||
*Prolonged eyelid closure | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:40, 28 June 2016
|
Conjunctivitis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Conjunctivitis risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Conjunctivitis risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Conjunctivitis risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most potent risk factor for conjunctivitis is exposure to an individual infected with either the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis. Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for conjunctivitis in babies born to mothers infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.[1]
Risk Factors
People who are exposed to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. Children and adults can develop both bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young children. Additionally, babies born to mothers infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During delivery, these babies can contract ophthalmia neonatorum, a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their eyes are exposed to the bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated immediately to prevent blindness. [1][2]
Infective Conjunctivitis
Common risk factors in the development of infective conjunctivitis include:
- Poor hygienic habits
- Poor contact lens hygiene
- Contaminated cosmetics
- Crowded living or social conditions (elementary schools, military barracks)
- Ocular diseases including dry eye, blepharitis, and anatomic abnormalities of the ocular surface and lids
- Recent ocular surgery, exposed sutures or ocular foreign bodies
- Chronic use of topical medications
- Immune compromise
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Common risk factors in the development of neonatal conjunctivitis include:
- Maternal infections
- HIV infected mothers
- Exposure of the infant to infectious organisms
- Inadequacy of ocular prophylaxis after birth
- Silver nitrate exposure
- Ocular trauma during delivery
- Mechanical ventilation
- Prematurity
- Poor prenatal care
- Poor hygienic delivery conditions
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Common risk factors in the development of allergic conjunctivitis include:
- Pollen from trees, grass
- Animal skin and secretions such as saliva
- Perfumes
- Cosmetics
- Air pollution
- Smok
Keratoconjunctivitis
Common risk factors in the development of keratoconjunctivitis sicca include:
- Allergies
- Decreased hormones (aging, pregnancy)
- Thyroid eye conditions
- Blepharitis
- Medication use (anti histamines, beta-blockers, pain relievers, sleeping pills, diuretics, Hormones replacement, and oral contraceptives)
- Autoimmune disorders (Sjogren's syndrome, Lupus ,and Rheumatoid Arthritis)
- Eye surgery
- Infrequent blinking (staring at computer and Parkinson's)
- Environmental (dusty or windy)
- Contact lens use
- Neurologic conditions (stroke, Bell's palsy, Parkinson's, trigeminal nerve problem)
- Uveitis
- Iritis
- Diabetes
- Vitamin A deficiency
Common risk factors in the development of superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis include:
- Mechanical soft-tissue microtrauma (conjunctiva laxity)
- Morphologic changes in superior conjunctival
- Prolonged eyelid closure