Conjunctivitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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*Exposure history (contaminated fingers, oculogenital spread, and contaminated fomites) | *Exposure history (contaminated fingers, oculogenital spread, and contaminated fomites) | ||
*[[Contact lens]] use | *[[Contact lens]] use | ||
*Chronic use of | *Chronic use of topical medications | ||
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid3084664">{{cite journal| author=Fransen L, Nsanze H, Klauss V, Van der Stuyft P, D'Costa L, Brunham RC et al.| title=Ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya: the roles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 153 | issue= 5 | pages= 862-9 | pmid=3084664 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3084664 }} </ref> | Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid3084664">{{cite journal| author=Fransen L, Nsanze H, Klauss V, Van der Stuyft P, D'Costa L, Brunham RC et al.| title=Ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya: the roles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 153 | issue= 5 | pages= 862-9 | pmid=3084664 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3084664 }} </ref> | ||
*History of [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted disease (STD)]] in mother | *History of [[sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted disease (STD)]] in mother | ||
* | *Ocular prophylaxis with silver nitrate | ||
===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue= | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18282546">{{cite journal| author=Jun J, Bielory L, Raizman MB| title=Vernal conjunctivitis. | journal=Immunol Allergy Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 1 | pages= 59-82, vi | pmid=18282546 | doi=10.1016/j.iac.2007.12.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18282546 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15245362">{{cite journal| author=Bonini S| title=Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. | journal=Allergy | year= 2004 | volume= 59 Suppl 78 | issue= | pages= 71-3 | pmid=15245362 | doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00570.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15245362 }} </ref> | Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid23497516">{{cite journal| author=La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S et al.| title=Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. | journal=Ital J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 39 | issue= | pages= 18 | pmid=23497516 | doi=10.1186/1824-7288-39-18 | pmc=3640929 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23497516 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18282546">{{cite journal| author=Jun J, Bielory L, Raizman MB| title=Vernal conjunctivitis. | journal=Immunol Allergy Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 1 | pages= 59-82, vi | pmid=18282546 | doi=10.1016/j.iac.2007.12.007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18282546 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15245362">{{cite journal| author=Bonini S| title=Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. | journal=Allergy | year= 2004 | volume= 59 Suppl 78 | issue= | pages= 71-3 | pmid=15245362 | doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00570.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15245362 }} </ref> | ||
Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
**[[Sjögren's syndrome]] | **[[Sjögren's syndrome]] | ||
**[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | **[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
*History of [[thyroid]] | *History of [[thyroid]] abnormalities | ||
*[[Contact lens]] use | *[[Contact lens]] use | ||
*History of neurologic conditions ([[stroke]], [[Bell's palsy]], [[Parkinson's]], [[trigeminal nerve]] problem) | *History of neurologic conditions ([[stroke]], [[Bell's palsy]], [[Parkinson's]], [[trigeminal nerve]] problem) | ||
*Prior eye | *Prior eye surgery | ||
===Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis=== | ===Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis=== | ||
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid11914237">{{cite journal| author=Watson S, Tullo AB, Carley F| title=Treatment of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with a unilateral bandage contact lens. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2002 | volume= 86 | issue= 4 | pages= 485-6 | pmid=11914237 | doi= | pmc=1771108 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11914237 }} </ref> | Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid11914237">{{cite journal| author=Watson S, Tullo AB, Carley F| title=Treatment of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with a unilateral bandage contact lens. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2002 | volume= 86 | issue= 4 | pages= 485-6 | pmid=11914237 | doi= | pmc=1771108 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11914237 }} </ref> | ||
*Prolonged condition with gradual clearing | *Prolonged condition with gradual clearing | ||
*Have seen numerous eye specialists | *Have seen numerous eye specialists | ||
*History of | *History of thyroid abnormalities | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The [[symptoms]] of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the [[inflammation]]. [[Redness]], [[excessive tearing]], and [[irritation]] are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. [[Photophobia]], [[itching]], [[mucopurulent]] or non-purulent discharge, [[chemosis]], burning eyes, [[blurred vision]] and [[eyelid]] [[swelling]] are variable. | The [[symptoms]] of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the [[inflammation]]. [[Redness]], [[excessive tearing]], and [[irritation]] are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. [[Photophobia]], [[itching]], [[mucopurulent]] or non-purulent discharge, [[chemosis]], burning eyes, [[blurred vision]] and [[eyelid]] [[swelling]] are variable. | ||
===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ||
[[Adenovirus]] is the most common cause of [[viral]] conjunctivitis. It has [[Acute]] or [[subacute]] onset, and often occurs in community epidemics. Both eyes may be affected simultaneously, or the second eye may become involved a few days after the first eye. | |||
Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis may include the following:<ref name="pmid21733975">{{cite journal| author=Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin| title=Management of acute infective conjunctivitis. | journal=Drug Ther Bull | year= 2011 | volume= 49 | issue= 7 | pages= 78-81 | pmid=21733975 | doi=10.1136/dtb.2011.02.0043 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21733975 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Fever]] | *[[Fever]] | ||
*[[Sore throat]] | *[[Sore throat]] | ||
*Eye | *Eye redness | ||
*Watery discharge | *Watery discharge | ||
* | *Eyelids swelling | ||
*[[Swollen lymph node]] ([[Ipsilateral]]) | *[[Swollen lymph node]] ([[Ipsilateral]]) | ||
*[[Itchy]] | *[[Itchy eyes]] | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Minimal [[eye pain]] | *Minimal [[eye pain]] | ||
*[[Light sensitivity]] (with | *[[Light sensitivity]] (with corneal involvement) | ||
====Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis==== | ====Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis==== | ||
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and contagious [[viral]] infection. The infection starts [[ipsilaterally]], but rapidly involves the fellow eye within 1 or 2 days and resolves within 5-7 days, during which the [[symptoms]] of pain and [[irritation]] are present. [[Symptoms]] of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis may include the following:<ref name="pmid1088513">{{cite journal| author=Yin-Murphy M| title=Simple tests for the diagnosis of picornavirus epidemic conjunctivitis (acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis). | journal=Bull World Health Organ | year= 1976 | volume= 54 | issue= 6 | pages= 675-9 | pmid=1088513 | doi= | pmc=2366581 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1088513 }} </ref> | |||
* | *Eyelids swelling | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Eye | *Eye redness | ||
*Severe [[eye pain]] | *Severe [[eye pain]] | ||
*[[Purulent]] discharge | *[[Purulent]] discharge | ||
*Subconjunctival [[hemorrhage]] | *Subconjunctival [[hemorrhage]] | ||
===Bacterial Conjunctivitis=== | ===Bacterial Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Bacterial conjunctivitis has Hyperacute, [[acute]], and [[chronic]] onset. [[Symptoms]] of bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
<ref name="pmid15195156">{{cite journal| author=Høvding G| title=[Acute bacterial conjunctivitis]. | journal=Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen | year= 2004 | volume= 124 | issue= 11 | pages= 1518-20 | pmid=15195156 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15195156 }} </ref> | <ref name="pmid15195156">{{cite journal| author=Høvding G| title=[Acute bacterial conjunctivitis]. | journal=Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen | year= 2004 | volume= 124 | issue= 11 | pages= 1518-20 | pmid=15195156 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15195156 }} </ref> | ||
* | *Itchy eyes | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Eye | *Eye redness | ||
*Minimal | *Minimal eye pain | ||
*[[Purulent]] discharge (grey or yellowish) | *[[Purulent]] discharge (grey or yellowish) | ||
*[[Eyelids]] | *[[Eyelids swelling]] | ||
====Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis==== | ====Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis==== | ||
Hyperacute [[bacterial]] conjunctivitis (HBC) is a severe, sight-threatening [[ocular]] infection that warrants immediate [[ophthalmic]] work-up and management. The infection has an abrupt [[onset]] and rapid progression. [[Symptoms]] of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following:<ref name="pmid21160459">{{cite journal| author=Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2010 | volume= 59 | issue= RR-12 | pages= 1-110 | pmid=21160459 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21160459 }} </ref> | Hyperacute [[bacterial]] conjunctivitis (HBC) is a severe, sight-threatening [[ocular]] infection that warrants immediate [[ophthalmic]] work-up and management. The infection has an abrupt [[onset]] and rapid progression. [[Symptoms]] of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following:<ref name="pmid21160459">{{cite journal| author=Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2010 | volume= 59 | issue= RR-12 | pages= 1-110 | pmid=21160459 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21160459 }} </ref> | ||
*Eyelids swelling | *Eyelids swelling | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Diffuse eye | *Diffuse eye redness | ||
*[[Eye pain]] | *[[Eye pain]] | ||
*Decreased | *Decreased vision | ||
*Severe | *Severe purulent discharge (yellow-green) | ||
*[[Swollen lymph nodes]] (preauricular) | *[[Swollen lymph nodes]] (preauricular) | ||
===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ===Neonatal Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Symptoms of neonatal conjunctivitis ([[ophthalmia neonatorum]]), based on casualty, may include the following:<ref name="pmid25606121">{{cite journal| author=Mallika P, Asok T, Faisal H, Aziz S, Tan A, Intan G| title=Neonatal conjunctivitis - a review. | journal=Malays Fam Physician | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 77-81 | pmid=25606121 | doi= | pmc=4170304 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25606121 }} </ref><ref name=Neonatal-conjunctivitis >Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015)[http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/newborns.html] Accessed on June 30, 2016 </ref> | |||
==== | ====Gonococcal Conjunctivitis==== | ||
[[Gonococcal]] conjunctivitis is more severe than [[chlamydial]] conjunctivitis in [[newborns]]. The [[incubation period]] is 2-5 days. It is usually bilateral. Symptoms of gonococcal conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*Severe | *Severe purulent discharge ([[bilateral]]) | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Eyelids swelling | *Eyelids swelling | ||
==== | ====Chlamydial Conjunctivitis==== | ||
[[Chlamydial]] conjunctivitis has a later onset than gonococcal conjunctivitis in [[newborns]]. The [[incubation period]] is 5-14 days and the colonization of the eye after birth does not always result in infection. [[Symptoms]] of chlamydial conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
*Eye | *Eye redness | ||
*Watery or mild mucoid discharge | *Watery or mild mucoid discharge | ||
*Eyelids swelling | *Eyelids swelling | ||
====Chemical conjunctivitis==== | ====Chemical conjunctivitis==== | ||
Chemical conjunctivitis usually occurs within 24 hours of instillation of silver nitrate solution and resolves spontaneously within a few days. Symptoms of chemical conjunctivitis may include the following: | |||
* | *Eyelids swelling | ||
*Eye | *Eye redness | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ===Allergic Conjunctivitis=== | ||
Symptoms of [[allergic conjunctivitis]] may include the following:<ref name="pmid18786127">{{cite journal| author=Kumar S| title=Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a major review. | journal=Acta Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 87 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-47 | pmid=18786127 | doi=10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18786127 }} </ref> | |||
* | *Itchy eyes (most important) | ||
*Tearing | *Tearing | ||
*Eye | *Eye redness ([[Bilateral]]) | ||
*Watery discharge | *Watery discharge | ||
*[[Light sensitivity]] (with [[corneal]] involvement) | *[[Light sensitivity]] (with [[corneal]] involvement) | ||
* | *Foreign body sensation | ||
===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ||
Symptoms of [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] may include the following:<ref name="pmid16309672">{{cite journal| author=Zoukhri D| title=Effect of inflammation on lacrimal gland function. | journal=Exp Eye Res | year= 2006 | volume= 82 | issue= 5 | pages= 885-98 | pmid=16309672 | doi=10.1016/j.exer.2005.10.018 | pmc=1361268 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16309672 }} </ref> | |||
*Foreign-body sensation | *Foreign-body sensation | ||
*[[Grittiness]] | *[[Grittiness]] | ||
Line 121: | Line 121: | ||
*Excessive tearing (secondary to reflex secretion) | *Excessive tearing (secondary to reflex secretion) | ||
*[[Light sensitivity]] | *[[Light sensitivity]] | ||
* | *Itchy eye | ||
* | *Fluctuating blurry vision | ||
*[[Malaise]] | *[[Malaise]] | ||
*[[Weight loss]] | *[[Weight loss]] | ||
===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ===Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis=== | ||
Symptoms of [[superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis|superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)]] may include the following:<ref name="pmid2695351">{{cite journal| author=Nelson JD| title=Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK). | journal=Eye (Lond) | year= 1989 | volume= 3 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 180-9 | pmid=2695351 | doi=10.1038/eye.1989.26 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2695351 }} </ref> | |||
* | *Foreign body sensation | ||
*[[Light sensitivity]] | *[[Light sensitivity]] | ||
*Excessive [[blinking]] | *Excessive [[blinking]] | ||
*Burning sensation | *Burning sensation | ||
* | *Itchy eye | ||
*Dry eye sensation | *Dry eye sensation | ||
Revision as of 18:18, 11 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]
Overview

The history establish whether the condition is acute, subacute, chronic or recurrent, and whether it is associated with any specific environmental or work-related exposure.Complete history will help determine the correct therapy. The symptoms of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the inflammation. Redness, excessive tearing, and irritation are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Photophobia, itching, mucopurulent or non-purulent discharge, chemosis, burning eyes, blurred vision and eyelid swelling are variable.[1][2]
History
The history of a patient with conjunctivitis should include a thorough ocular, medical and medication history. The history establish whether the condition is acute, subacute, chronic or recurrent, and whether it is associated with any specific environmental or work-related exposure. Complete history will help determine the correct therapy. A detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary.[1]
Viral Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[2]
- Exposure history
- Recent upper respiratory infection (URI)
- Swimming in contaminated pools
- Contact lens use
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[3]
- History of sexually transmitted disease (STD)
- Exposure history (contaminated fingers, oculogenital spread, and contaminated fomites)
- Contact lens use
- Chronic use of topical medications
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[4]
- History of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in mother
- Ocular prophylaxis with silver nitrate
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[5][6][7]
- Family history of atopic disease such as:
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[8][9]
- History of connective tissue disease
- History of thyroid abnormalities
- Contact lens use
- History of neurologic conditions (stroke, Bell's palsy, Parkinson's, trigeminal nerve problem)
- Prior eye surgery
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[10]
- Prolonged condition with gradual clearing
- Have seen numerous eye specialists
- History of thyroid abnormalities
Symptoms
The symptoms of conjunctivitis differ based on the cause of the inflammation. Redness, excessive tearing, and irritation are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Photophobia, itching, mucopurulent or non-purulent discharge, chemosis, burning eyes, blurred vision and eyelid swelling are variable.
Viral Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis. It has Acute or subacute onset, and often occurs in community epidemics. Both eyes may be affected simultaneously, or the second eye may become involved a few days after the first eye. Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis may include the following:[11]
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Eye redness
- Watery discharge
- Eyelids swelling
- Swollen lymph node (Ipsilateral)
- Itchy eyes
- Tearing
- Minimal eye pain
- Light sensitivity (with corneal involvement)
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and contagious viral infection. The infection starts ipsilaterally, but rapidly involves the fellow eye within 1 or 2 days and resolves within 5-7 days, during which the symptoms of pain and irritation are present. Symptoms of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis may include the following:[12]
- Eyelids swelling
- Tearing
- Eye redness
- Severe eye pain
- Purulent discharge
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis has Hyperacute, acute, and chronic onset. Symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following: [13]
- Itchy eyes
- Tearing
- Eye redness
- Minimal eye pain
- Purulent discharge (grey or yellowish)
- Eyelids swelling
Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis (HBC) is a severe, sight-threatening ocular infection that warrants immediate ophthalmic work-up and management. The infection has an abrupt onset and rapid progression. Symptoms of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis may include the following:[14]
- Eyelids swelling
- Tearing
- Diffuse eye redness
- Eye pain
- Decreased vision
- Severe purulent discharge (yellow-green)
- Swollen lymph nodes (preauricular)
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Symptoms of neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum), based on casualty, may include the following:[15][16]
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is more severe than chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns. The incubation period is 2-5 days. It is usually bilateral. Symptoms of gonococcal conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Severe purulent discharge (bilateral)
- Tearing
- Eyelids swelling
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Chlamydial conjunctivitis has a later onset than gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborns. The incubation period is 5-14 days and the colonization of the eye after birth does not always result in infection. Symptoms of chlamydial conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Eye redness
- Watery or mild mucoid discharge
- Eyelids swelling
Chemical conjunctivitis
Chemical conjunctivitis usually occurs within 24 hours of instillation of silver nitrate solution and resolves spontaneously within a few days. Symptoms of chemical conjunctivitis may include the following:
- Eyelids swelling
- Eye redness
- Tearing
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis may include the following:[17]
- Itchy eyes (most important)
- Tearing
- Eye redness (Bilateral)
- Watery discharge
- Light sensitivity (with corneal involvement)
- Foreign body sensation
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) may include the following:[18]
- Foreign-body sensation
- Grittiness
- Hyperemia
- Mucoid discharge
- Excessive tearing (secondary to reflex secretion)
- Light sensitivity
- Itchy eye
- Fluctuating blurry vision
- Malaise
- Weight loss
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
Symptoms of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) may include the following:[19]
- Foreign body sensation
- Light sensitivity
- Excessive blinking
- Burning sensation
- Itchy eye
- Dry eye sensation
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rose P (2007). "Management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: a systematic review". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 8 (12): 1903–21. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.12.1903. PMID 17696792.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leibowitz HM (2000). "The red eye". N Engl J Med. 343 (5): 345–51. doi:10.1056/NEJM200008033430507. PMID 10922425.
- ↑ "Bacterial conjunctivitis in children: antibiotic eye drops only if eye washing is ineffective". Prescrire Int. 16 (89): 120–1. 2007. PMID 17585426.
- ↑ Fransen L, Nsanze H, Klauss V, Van der Stuyft P, D'Costa L, Brunham RC; et al. (1986). "Ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya: the roles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis". J Infect Dis. 153 (5): 862–9. PMID 3084664.
- ↑ La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S; et al. (2013). "Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature". Ital J Pediatr. 39: 18. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-39-18. PMC 3640929. PMID 23497516.
- ↑ Jun J, Bielory L, Raizman MB (2008). "Vernal conjunctivitis". Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 28 (1): 59–82, vi. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2007.12.007. PMID 18282546.
- ↑ Bonini S (2004). "Atopic keratoconjunctivitis". Allergy. 59 Suppl 78: 71–3. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00570.x. PMID 15245362.
- ↑ Schaumberg DA, Dana R, Buring JE, Sullivan DA (2009). "Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: estimates from the Physicians' Health Studies". Arch Ophthalmol. 127 (6): 763–8. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.103. PMC 2836718. PMID 19506195.
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- ↑ Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (2011). "Management of acute infective conjunctivitis". Drug Ther Bull. 49 (7): 78–81. doi:10.1136/dtb.2011.02.0043. PMID 21733975.
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