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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Amyloidosis}} | | {{Amyloidosis}} |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SHH}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Laboratory findings in amyloidosis include an elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] and an increased [[BUN]] level. Serum [[creatinine]], protein, casts, or fat bodies can also be found in the urine. Serum [[troponin]], [[B-type natriuretic peptide]], and [[beta-2-microglobulin]] are prognostic markers for [[heart failure]]. Amyloid deposits can be identified [[histologically]] by [[Congo red]] staining and viewing under [[polarized light]]. Amyloid deposits are easily recognized because they produce a distinctive 'apple green birefringence'. Alternatively, a [[Thioflavin|thioflavin T]] stain may be used. Also, an abdominal fat pad aspiration, rectal mucosa biopsy, or [[bone marrow biopsy]] can help confirm the diagnosis. These tests reveal positive findings in 80% of patients.
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| ==Laboratory Findings== | | ==Laboratory Findings== |
| * [[Complete blood count]] - may reveal [[anemia]]. | | * Cardiac biomarkers are the most important predictors of outcome in amyloidosis and provide a quantitative assessment for: |
| * [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] - elevated
| | ** Cardiac damage (Troponin I or Troponin T) |
| * Liver function tests
| | ** Wall strain (BNP and NT-proBNP) |
| ** Serum [[albumin]]
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| ** Alkaline phosphatase
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| ** [[Bilirubin]], total
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| * Kidney function tests may show signs of kidney failure or too much protein in the urine ([[nephrotic syndrome]]).
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| ** [[BUN]] level is increased. | |
| ** Serum [[creatinine]] is increased.
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| ** Urinalysis shows protein, casts, or fat bodies.
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| ** [[Bence-Jones protein]] (quantitative) | |
| * Serum [[troponin]], [[B-type natriuretic peptide]], and [[beta-2-microglobulin]] - prognostic markers for [[heart failure]].
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| * [[Immunoelectrophoresis]] - serum
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| * Amyloid deposits can be identified [[histologically]] by [[Congo red]] staining and viewing under [[polarized light]] where amyloid deposits produce a distinctive 'apple green birefringence'. Alternatively, [[Thioflavin|thioflavin T]] stain may be used
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| * Immunohistochemical studies on the amyloid deposits - to differentiate from different types of amyloid.
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| * [[Biopsy]] - is needed depending on the involvement of the specific organ. e.g [[tongue]], [[myocardium]], [[skin]]. An abdominal fat pad aspiration, rectal mucosa biopsy, or bone marrow biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis. They reveal positive findings in 80% patients.
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| == References == | | == References == |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Best pages]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Rheumatology]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Endocrinology]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |