Boil natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
If left untreated, rheumatic fever may cause [[valvular disease]]s including [[stenosis]], [[regurgitation]] of [[mitral valve|mitral]]/[[aortic valve]]s and [[myocarditis]]. This may lead to decreased [[cardiac output]], [[pulmonary edema]], and ultimately [[cardiac failure]]. If an individual develops rheumatic fever, they will develop an increased sensitization to ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'' autoantigens. Future infection will likely cause an elevated, autoimmunological response and a more severe case of rheumatic fever will develop. | |||
It is estimated that the recurrence rate of rheumatic fever is decreased by about 85% by providing prophylactic [[penicillin]] therapy. Recurrence rate of 0.2/patient/year follow-up was noted among those not receiving regular treatment.<ref name="pmid3700577">{{cite journal| author=Majeed HA, Yousof AM, Khuffash FA, Yusuf AR, Farwana S, Khan N| title=The natural history of acute rheumatic fever in Kuwait: a prospective six year follow-up report. | journal=J Chronic Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 39 | issue= 5 | pages= 361-9 | pmid=3700577 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Revision as of 17:42, 9 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with boil(furuncle) may progress to develop carbuncle, fever and lymphadenopathy. Most common complications of boils(furuncle) include scaring and recurrence. Other complications are septicemia leading to abscess of spinal cord, brain, kidneys or other organs. Prognosis is generally good however it varies with underlying risk factors, if left untreated.
Natural History
If left untreated, rheumatic fever may cause valvular diseases including stenosis, regurgitation of mitral/aortic valves and myocarditis. This may lead to decreased cardiac output, pulmonary edema, and ultimately cardiac failure. If an individual develops rheumatic fever, they will develop an increased sensitization to Streptococcus pyogenes autoantigens. Future infection will likely cause an elevated, autoimmunological response and a more severe case of rheumatic fever will develop.
It is estimated that the recurrence rate of rheumatic fever is decreased by about 85% by providing prophylactic penicillin therapy. Recurrence rate of 0.2/patient/year follow-up was noted among those not receiving regular treatment.[1]
Complications
- Abscess of the skin, spinal cord, brain, kidneys, or other organ
- Brain infection
- Endocarditis
- Osteomyelitis
- Permanent scarring
- Sepsis
- Spinal cord infection
- Spread of infection to other parts of the body or skin surfaces
Prognosis
- For most cases, there are no serious complications and a full recovery is expected.
- Some people have repeated abscesses and are unable to prevent them.
- Boils can be very painful if they occur in areas like the ear canal or nose. A health care provider should treat boils of the nose.
- Boils that form close together may expand and join, causing a condition called carbunculosis.