Chlamydia infection laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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Laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of chlamydia infection include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement assay (SDA). NAAT for chlamydia infection may be performed on swab specimens sampled from the [[cervix]] (women) or [[urethra]] (men), on self-collected vaginal swabs, or on voided urine.<ref name="pmid14681509">{{cite journal| author=Peipert JF| title=Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 349 | issue= 25 | pages= 2424-30 | pmid=14681509 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp030542 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14681509 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2095010">{{cite journal| author=Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S| title=The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons. | journal=Ultrasound Med Biol | year= 1990 | volume= 16 | issue= 8 | pages= 801-7 | pmid=2095010 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2095010 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24622331">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention| title=Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae--2014. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2014 | volume= 63 | issue= RR-02 | pages= 1-19 | pmid=24622331 | doi= | pmc=4047970 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24622331 }} </ref> | Laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of chlamydia infection include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement assay (SDA). NAAT for chlamydia infection may be performed on swab specimens sampled from the [[cervix]] (women) or [[urethra]] (men), on self-collected vaginal swabs, or on voided urine.<ref name="pmid14681509">{{cite journal| author=Peipert JF| title=Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 349 | issue= 25 | pages= 2424-30 | pmid=14681509 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp030542 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14681509 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2095010">{{cite journal| author=Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S| title=The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons. | journal=Ultrasound Med Biol | year= 1990 | volume= 16 | issue= 8 | pages= 801-7 | pmid=2095010 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2095010 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24622331">{{cite journal| author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention| title=Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae--2014. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2014 | volume= 63 | issue= RR-02 | pages= 1-19 | pmid=24622331 | doi= | pmc=4047970 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24622331 }} </ref> | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of ''Chlamydial infection'' and its complications include: | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of ''Chlamydial infection'' and its complications include:<ref name="pmid3162806">{{cite journal| author=Lisowska P| title=The bridge to independence? | journal=Br Dent J | year= 1988 | volume= 164 | issue= 5 | pages= 156-7 | pmid=3162806 | doi=10.1038/sj.bdj.4806386 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3162806 }} </ref><ref name="pmid4499951">{{cite journal| author=Stauffer ES| title=Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord flexion-rotation injuries. | journal=Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf | year= 1973 | volume= | issue= 19 | pages= 47-8 | pmid=4499951 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4499951 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18617765">{{cite journal| author=Yang HW, Jung SH, Han HY, Kim A, Lee YJ, Cha SW et al.| title=[Clinical feature of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of 25 cases]. | journal=Korean J Hepatol | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 178-84 | pmid=18617765 | doi=10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.2.178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18617765 }} </ref><ref>Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.</ref><ref name="pmid3764626">{{cite journal| author=Stamm WE, Cole B| title=Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 163-5 | pmid=3764626 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3764626 }} </ref> | ||
{|style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | {|style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | ||
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|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Normal | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Normal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Neonatal pneumonia]] | ! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Neonatal pneumonia]]<ref name="pmid3162806">{{cite journal| author=Lisowska P| title=The bridge to independence? | journal=Br Dent J | year= 1988 | volume= 164 | issue= 5 | pages= 156-7 | pmid=3162806 | doi=10.1038/sj.bdj.4806386 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3162806 }} </ref> | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Absolute increase in eosinophil count | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Absolute increase in eosinophil count | ||
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|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Increased | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Increased | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Genital infection]] | ! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Genital infection]]<ref name="pmid18617765">{{cite journal| author=Yang HW, Jung SH, Han HY, Kim A, Lee YJ, Cha SW et al.| title=[Clinical feature of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of 25 cases]. | journal=Korean J Hepatol | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 178-84 | pmid=18617765 | doi=10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.2.178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18617765 }} </ref><ref>Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.</ref><ref name="pmid3764626">{{cite journal| author=Stamm WE, Cole B| title=Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 163-5 | pmid=3764626 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3764626 }} </ref> | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased leukocyte count | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased leukocyte count | ||
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|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Normal or increased | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Normal or increased | ||
|- | |- | ||
!style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Atypical pneumonia]] | !style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Atypical pneumonia]]<ref name="pmid8331841">{{cite journal| author=Hayashi Y, Asano T, Ito G, Yamada Y, Matsuura T, Adachi S et al.| title=[Study of cell populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci and Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. | journal=Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | year= 1993 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 569-74 | pmid=8331841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8331841 }} </ref> | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased or normal leukocyte count( lymphocytes) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome]] | ! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;"| [[Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid4499951">{{cite journal| author=Stauffer ES| title=Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord flexion-rotation injuries. | journal=Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf | year= 1973 | volume= | issue= 19 | pages= 47-8 | pmid=4499951 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4499951 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18617765">{{cite journal| author=Yang HW, Jung SH, Han HY, Kim A, Lee YJ, Cha SW et al.| title=[Clinical feature of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of 25 cases]. | journal=Korean J Hepatol | year= 2008 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 178-84 | pmid=18617765 | doi=10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.2.178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18617765 }} </ref> | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| CBC | ||
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased leukocytes | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"| Increased leukocytes |
Revision as of 16:37, 9 September 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
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Overview
Laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of chlamydia infection include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement assay (SDA). NAAT for chlamydia infection may be performed on swab specimens sampled from the cervix (women) or urethra (men), on self-collected vaginal swabs, or on voided urine.[1][2][3]
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Chlamydial infection and its complications include:[4][5][6][7][8]
Type of Chlamydia | Tests | Findings |
---|---|---|
Neonatal Conjuctivitis | CBC | Normal |
ESR | Normal | |
Neonatal pneumonia[4] | CBC | Absolute increase in eosinophil count |
ESR | Increased | |
CRP | Increased | |
Genital infection[6][9][8] | CBC | Increased leukocyte count |
Urinalysis | >5 WBCS per high power field | |
ESR | Normal or increased | |
CRP | Normal or increased | |
Atypical pneumonia[10] | CBC | Increased or normal leukocyte count( lymphocytes) |
Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome[5][6] | CBC | Increased leukocytes |
LFTS | Normal | |
ESR | Normal or increased | |
D Dimer | Normal or increased |
References
- ↑ Peipert JF (2003). "Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections". N Engl J Med. 349 (25): 2424–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp030542. PMID 14681509.
- ↑ Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S (1990). "The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons". Ultrasound Med Biol. 16 (8): 801–7. PMID 2095010.
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). "Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae--2014". MMWR Recomm Rep. 63 (RR-02): 1–19. PMC 4047970. PMID 24622331.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lisowska P (1988). "The bridge to independence?". Br Dent J. 164 (5): 156–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4806386. PMID 3162806.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Stauffer ES (1973). "Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord flexion-rotation injuries". Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf (19): 47–8. PMID 4499951.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Yang HW, Jung SH, Han HY, Kim A, Lee YJ, Cha SW; et al. (2008). "[Clinical feature of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of 25 cases]". Korean J Hepatol. 14 (2): 178–84. doi:10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.2.178. PMID 18617765.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stamm WE, Cole B (1986). "Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men". Sex Transm Dis. 13 (3): 163–5. PMID 3764626.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.
- ↑ Hayashi Y, Asano T, Ito G, Yamada Y, Matsuura T, Adachi S; et al. (1993). "[Study of cell populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci and Mycoplasma pneumoniae]". Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 31 (5): 569–74. PMID 8331841.