Chronic bronchitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Chronic bronchitis}} | {{Chronic bronchitis}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Common complications of chronic bronchitis include: | Common complications of chronic bronchitis include: | ||
*Recurrent pneumonia: Chronic inflammation and airways damage predispose chronic bronchitis patients to recurrent pneumonia either viral or bacterial infections. Additionally, chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids may cause recurrent infections<ref name="pmid19204211">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh S, Amin AV, Loke YK |title=Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=219–29 |year=2009 |pmid=19204211 |doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.550 |url=}}</ref>. | *'''Recurrent pneumonia:''' Chronic inflammation and airways damage predispose chronic bronchitis patients to recurrent pneumonia either viral or bacterial infections. Additionally, chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids may cause recurrent infections<ref name="pmid19204211">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh S, Amin AV, Loke YK |title=Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=219–29 |year=2009 |pmid=19204211 |doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.550 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
*Depression: If it happens needs psychiatry consultation<ref name="pmid24656426">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohayon MM |title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its association with sleep and mental disorders in the general population |journal=J Psychiatr Res |volume=54 |issue= |pages=79–84 |year=2014 |pmid=24656426 |doi=10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.023 |url=}}</ref>. | *'''Depression:''' If it happens needs psychiatry consultation<ref name="pmid24656426">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohayon MM |title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its association with sleep and mental disorders in the general population |journal=J Psychiatr Res |volume=54 |issue= |pages=79–84 |year=2014 |pmid=24656426 |doi=10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.023 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 16:49, 19 September 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Natural History
Depending on the severity of airflow obstruction which could be measured by FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC and at the time of diagnosis the prognosis may vary. It has a very wide range of severity from well controlled chronic bronchitis to severe obstructed airways with multiple exacerbations that needs hospitalization and even may develop to lung cancer[1].COPD usually gradually gets worse over time and can lead to death if left untreated.
Complications
Common complications of chronic bronchitis include:
- Recurrent pneumonia: Chronic inflammation and airways damage predispose chronic bronchitis patients to recurrent pneumonia either viral or bacterial infections. Additionally, chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids may cause recurrent infections[2].
- Depression: If it happens needs psychiatry consultation[3].
Prognosis
References
- ↑ Mannino DM, Buist AS, Petty TL, Enright PL, Redd SC (2003). "Lung function and mortality in the United States: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow up study". Thorax. 58 (5): 388–93. PMC 1746680. PMID 12728157.
- ↑ Singh S, Amin AV, Loke YK (2009). "Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis". Arch. Intern. Med. 169 (3): 219–29. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.550. PMID 19204211.
- ↑ Ohayon MM (2014). "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its association with sleep and mental disorders in the general population". J Psychiatr Res. 54: 79–84. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.023. PMID 24656426.