Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural history== | ==Natural history== | ||
Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to [[hypotension]] and [[hypokalemia]]. If hypotension left untreated, it may lead to [[renal failure]], [[shock]], and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to [[nephropathy]] and [[myocardial necrosis|focal myocardial necrosis]]. Among the children, [[hypoglycemia]] is common and can lead to [[seizures]]. | Cholera is usually transmitted through faecally contaminated water or food and remains an ever-present risk in many countries. Outbreaks can occur sporadically in any part of the world where water supply, sanitation, food safety, and hygiene are inadequate. The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), so as the result the number of cases can rise extremely quickly. | ||
Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to [[hypotension]] and [[hypokalemia]]. If hypotension left untreated, it may lead to [[renal failure]], [[shock]], and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to [[nephropathy]] and [[myocardial necrosis|focal myocardial necrosis]]. Among the children, [[hypoglycemia]] is common and can lead to [[seizures]].<ref name=Cholera-outbreak> World Health Organization. Assessing the Outbreak response and improving preparedness (2004) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43017/1/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFk_2004.4_eng.pdf</ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
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Overview
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.[1]
Natural history
Cholera is usually transmitted through faecally contaminated water or food and remains an ever-present risk in many countries. Outbreaks can occur sporadically in any part of the world where water supply, sanitation, food safety, and hygiene are inadequate. The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), so as the result the number of cases can rise extremely quickly. Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and hypokalemia. If hypotension left untreated, it may lead to renal failure, shock, and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.[2]
Complications
Delayed initiation of rehydration and therapy leads to complications.
- Hypotension
- Shock
- Coma
- Renal failure
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Death
Prognosis
- If people with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, with untreated cholera, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 376&ndash, 7. ISBN 0838585299.
- ↑ World Health Organization. Assessing the Outbreak response and improving preparedness (2004) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43017/1/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFk_2004.4_eng.pdf
- ↑ Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004). "Cholera". Lancet. 363 (9404): 223–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7. PMID 14738797. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.