Diphtheria classification: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Dima Nimri (talk | contribs) |
Dima Nimri (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
[[Diphtheria]] infection an be classified according to the causative agent or the clinical manifestations of the infection. | [[Diphtheria]] infection an be classified according to the causative agent or the clinical manifestations of the infection. | ||
*Causative Agent | |||
[[Diphtheria]] can be caused by several '''''[[Corynebacterium]]''''' species, which include:<ref name="pmid6321350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong TP, Groman N |title=Production of diphtheria toxin by selected isolates of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=1114–6 |year=1984 |pmid=6321350 |pmc=264307 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | [[Diphtheria]] can be caused by several '''''[[Corynebacterium]]''''' species, which include:<ref name="pmid6321350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong TP, Groman N |title=Production of diphtheria toxin by selected isolates of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=1114–6 |year=1984 |pmid=6321350 |pmc=264307 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''''[[Corynebacterium]] [[diphtheria]]''''' | **'''''[[Corynebacterium]] [[diphtheria]]''''' | ||
*'''''[[Corynebacterium]] ulcerans''''' | **'''''[[Corynebacterium]] ulcerans''''' | ||
*'''''[[Corynebacterium]] hemolyticum''''' | **'''''[[Corynebacterium]] hemolyticum''''' | ||
*'''''[[Corynebacterium]] pseudotuberculosis''''' | **'''''[[Corynebacterium]] pseudotuberculosis''''' | ||
*Clinical Manifestations | |||
[[Diphtheria]] infection can present in several ways, which include:<ref name= "CDC"> Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/clinicians.html Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016. </ref> | [[Diphtheria]] infection can present in several ways, which include:<ref name= "CDC"> Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/clinicians.html Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016. </ref> | ||
*[[Respiratory]] [[diphtheria]], which may also be divided into [[nasal]], [[pharyngeal]] and [[laryngeal]] [[diphtheria]]<ref name="pmid490806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobie RA, Tobey DN |title=Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract |journal=JAMA |volume=242 |issue=20 |pages=2197–201 |year=1979 |pmid=490806 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **[[Respiratory]] [[diphtheria]], which may also be divided into [[nasal]], [[pharyngeal]] and [[laryngeal]] [[diphtheria]]<ref name="pmid490806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobie RA, Tobey DN |title=Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract |journal=JAMA |volume=242 |issue=20 |pages=2197–201 |year=1979 |pmid=490806 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Systemic [[diphtheria]], which results from the dissemination of [[diphtheria]] toxin into the heart<ref name="pmid14715320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG |title=Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=78–83 |year=2004 |pmid=14715320 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18103551">{{cite journal |vauthors=BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L |title=Diphtheritic myocarditis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=239 |issue=24 |pages=913–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18103551 |doi=10.1056/NEJM194812092392403 |url=}}</ref>, kidneys and nervous system<ref name="pmid490806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobie RA, Tobey DN |title=Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract |journal=JAMA |volume=242 |issue=20 |pages=2197–201 |year=1979 |pmid=490806 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **Systemic [[diphtheria]], which results from the dissemination of [[diphtheria]] toxin into the heart<ref name="pmid14715320">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG |title=Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=78–83 |year=2004 |pmid=14715320 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18103551">{{cite journal |vauthors=BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L |title=Diphtheritic myocarditis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=239 |issue=24 |pages=913–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18103551 |doi=10.1056/NEJM194812092392403 |url=}}</ref>, kidneys and nervous system<ref name="pmid490806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobie RA, Tobey DN |title=Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract |journal=JAMA |volume=242 |issue=20 |pages=2197–201 |year=1979 |pmid=490806 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Cutaneous]] [[diphtheria]], which is caused by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of '''''[[Corynebacterium]] [[diphtheria]]<ref name="pmid27373251">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rappold LC, Vogelgsang L, Klein S, Bode K, Enk AH, Haenssle HA |title=Primary cutaneous diphtheria: management, diagnostic workup, and treatment as exemplified by a rare case report |journal=J Dtsch Dermatol Ges |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=734–6 |year=2016 |pmid=27373251 |doi=10.1111/ddg.12722 |url=}}</ref> | **[[Cutaneous]] [[diphtheria]], which is caused by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of '''''[[Corynebacterium]] [[diphtheria]]<ref name="pmid27373251">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rappold LC, Vogelgsang L, Klein S, Bode K, Enk AH, Haenssle HA |title=Primary cutaneous diphtheria: management, diagnostic workup, and treatment as exemplified by a rare case report |journal=J Dtsch Dermatol Ges |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=734–6 |year=2016 |pmid=27373251 |doi=10.1111/ddg.12722 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
Revision as of 15:26, 7 October 2016
|
Diphtheria Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Diphtheria classification On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Diphtheria classification |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Diphtheria classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Classification
Diphtheria infection an be classified according to the causative agent or the clinical manifestations of the infection.
- Causative Agent
Diphtheria can be caused by several Corynebacterium species, which include:[1]
- Corynebacterium diphtheria
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Corynebacterium hemolyticum
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- Clinical Manifestations
Diphtheria infection can present in several ways, which include:[2]
- Respiratory diphtheria, which may also be divided into nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal diphtheria[3]
- Systemic diphtheria, which results from the dissemination of diphtheria toxin into the heart[4][5], kidneys and nervous system[3]
- Cutaneous diphtheria, which is caused by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria[6]
References
- ↑ Wong TP, Groman N (1984). "Production of diphtheria toxin by selected isolates of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis". Infect. Immun. 43 (3): 1114–6. PMC 264307. PMID 6321350.
- ↑ Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/clinicians.html Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dobie RA, Tobey DN (1979). "Clinical features of diphtheria in the respiratory tract". JAMA. 242 (20): 2197–201. PMID 490806.
- ↑ Lumio JT, Groundstroem KW, Melnick OB, Huhtala H, Rakhmanova AG (2004). "Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study". Am. J. Med. 116 (2): 78–83. PMID 14715320.
- ↑ BOYER NH, WEINSTEIN L (1948). "Diphtheritic myocarditis". N. Engl. J. Med. 239 (24): 913–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM194812092392403. PMID 18103551.
- ↑ Rappold LC, Vogelgsang L, Klein S, Bode K, Enk AH, Haenssle HA (2016). "Primary cutaneous diphtheria: management, diagnostic workup, and treatment as exemplified by a rare case report". J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 14 (7): 734–6. doi:10.1111/ddg.12722. PMID 27373251.