Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:08, 20 October 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure.

Only symptomatic pleural effusions or effusions larger than 50% of hemithorax require thoracentesis or chest tube drainage.
Pleural fluid can be secondarily infected and may turn into an abscess or empyema, which will need to be drained with a chest tube.
Pneumothorax can be a complication of thoracentesis procedure.
Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS)
- A general term for fever and pleuropericardial disease days or months after cardiac injury (myocardial infarction or surgery).
- Typically present two to three weeks post op.
  - Chest pain
  - Pericardial rub
  - Fever
  - Leukocytosis
  - Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  - Variable combinations of pulmonary effusions and infiltrates.

The expected outcome depends upon the underlying disease.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Complications==
+Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure.
 * Only symptomatic pleural effusions or effusions larger than 50% of [[hemithorax]] require [[thoracentesis]] or [[chest tube]] drainage.
-*A lung that is surrounded by excess fluid for a long time may be damaged.
+*Pleural fluid can be secondarily infected and may turn into an [[abscess]] or [[empyema]], which will need to be drained with a chest tube.
-*Pleural fluid that becomes infected may turn into an [[abscess]], called an empyema, which will need to be drained with a chest tube.
+*[[Pneumothorax]] can be a complication of [[thoracentesis]] procedure.
-*[[Pneumothorax]] (air in the chest cavity) can be a complication of the thoracentesis procedure.
-* Most resolve spontaneously.
 * [[Postcardiac injury syndrome]] (PCIS)
 ** A general term for fever and [[pleuropericardial]] disease days or months after cardiac injury ([[myocardial infarction]] or surgery).