Cholera secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{TarekNafee}}, {{SaraM}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{TarekNafee}}, {{SaraM}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Secondary prevention of cholera includes prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients | Secondary prevention of [[cholera]] includes prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suspected to have cholera. | ||
==Secondary Prevention== | ==Secondary Prevention== | ||
In case of suspected [[cholera]] in the community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:<ref name="pmid24379835">{{cite journal| author=Lankarani KB, Alavian SM| title=Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 630-1 | pmid=24379835 | doi= | pmc=3872598 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379835 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11869639">{{cite journal| author=Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P| title=Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2002 | volume= | issue= 1 | pages= CD002847 | pmid=11869639 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11869639 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9203786">{{cite journal| author=Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN| title=Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children. | journal=J Diarrhoeal Dis Res | year= 1996 | volume= 14 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-7 | pmid=9203786 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9203786 }} </ref><ref name="pmid708024">{{cite journal| author=Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A| title=Single-dose doxycycline for cholera. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 1978 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 462-4 | pmid=708024 | doi= | pmc=352482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=708024 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18184631">{{cite journal| author=Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A et al.| title=Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 7638 | pages= 266-8 | pmid=18184631 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE | pmc=2223005 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18184631 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21142691">{{cite journal| author=Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA| title=Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-7 | pmid=21142691 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp1013771 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21142691 }} </ref> | In case of suspected [[cholera]] in the community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:<ref name="pmid24379835">{{cite journal| author=Lankarani KB, Alavian SM| title=Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 630-1 | pmid=24379835 | doi= | pmc=3872598 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379835 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11869639">{{cite journal| author=Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P| title=Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2002 | volume= | issue= 1 | pages= CD002847 | pmid=11869639 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11869639 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9203786">{{cite journal| author=Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN| title=Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children. | journal=J Diarrhoeal Dis Res | year= 1996 | volume= 14 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-7 | pmid=9203786 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9203786 }} </ref><ref name="pmid708024">{{cite journal| author=Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A| title=Single-dose doxycycline for cholera. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 1978 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 462-4 | pmid=708024 | doi= | pmc=352482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=708024 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18184631">{{cite journal| author=Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A et al.| title=Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 7638 | pages= 266-8 | pmid=18184631 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE | pmc=2223005 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18184631 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21142691">{{cite journal| author=Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA| title=Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-7 | pmid=21142691 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp1013771 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21142691 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 21:19, 5 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2], Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]
Overview
Secondary prevention of cholera includes prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suspected to have cholera.
Secondary Prevention
In case of suspected cholera in the community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- IV fluids (Ringer Lactate is the best, in case of nonavailability of ringer lactate cholera saline or normal saline can be used)
- Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
- Antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
- Rectal swabs and transport medium (Cary Blair or TCBS) for stool samples
- Zinc supplementation for reduced stool output [6]
- Safe water is needed to rehydrate patients and to wash clothes and instruments
- Chlorine or bleaching powder
- Nasogastric tubes
- Drips
- Soap
References
- ↑ Lankarani KB, Alavian SM (2013). "Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today". J Res Med Sci. 18 (8): 630–1. PMC 3872598. PMID 24379835.
- ↑ Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P (2002). "Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002847. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002847. PMID 11869639.
- ↑ Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN (1996). "Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children". J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 14 (4): 243–7. PMID 9203786.
- ↑ Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A (1978). "Single-dose doxycycline for cholera". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 14 (3): 462–4. PMC 352482. PMID 708024.
- ↑ Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A; et al. (2008). "Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial". BMJ. 336 (7638): 266–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE. PMC 2223005. PMID 18184631.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA (2011). "Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera". N Engl J Med. 364 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1013771. PMID 21142691.