Human papillomavirus epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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*10% of children and 3.5% of adults are affected, worldwide
*10% of children and 3.5% of adults are affected, worldwide
'''Genital warts'''
'''Genital warts'''
*Incidence of genital HPV infection increases at the age when individuals begin to engage in sexual activity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Schiffman M, Castle PE |title=The promise of global cervical-cancer prevention |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=353 |issue=20 |pages=2101-4 |year=2005 |pmid=16291978 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp058171}}</ref>
*Incidence of genital HPV infection increases at the age when individuals begin to engage in sexual activity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Schiffman M, Castle PE |title=The promise of global cervical-cancer prevention |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=353 |issue=20 |pages=2101-4 |year=2005 |pmid=16291978 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp058171}}</ref><ref name="pmid9459645">{{cite journal| author=Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD| title=Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 338 | issue= 7 | pages= 423-8 | pmid=9459645 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199802123380703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9459645  }} </ref>
*Highest incidence of genital warts is seen in females aged 20-24 yrs and males aged 25-29 yrs of age (CDC)
*Highest incidence of genital warts is seen in females aged 20-24 yrs and males aged 25-29 yrs of age<ref name="pmid17327523">{{cite journal| author=Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS et al.| title=Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States. | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 297 | issue= 8 | pages= 813-9 | pmid=17327523 | doi=10.1001/jama.297.8.813 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17327523  }} </ref> (CDC)
*Prevalence of cervical HPV in females declines after age 30(12571255)
*Prevalence of cervical HPV in females may decline after age 30(12571255)
'''HPV associated cancer'''
'''HPV associated cancer'''
*Incidence is more common in younger age group(sexually active)(18334711)(2196503)(18798277)(22641955)
*Incidence is more common in younger age group(sexually active)(18334711)(2196503)(18798277)(22641955)
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*Worldwide, the point prevalence of HPV in females is 10%, with highest prevalence among african females(17597569)
*Worldwide, the point prevalence of HPV in females is 10%, with highest prevalence among african females(17597569)
===Race===
===Race===
*There may be increased incidence of high risk HPV infections in black females as compared to white<ref name="pmid25028692">{{cite journal| author=Banister CE, Messersmith AR, Cai B, Spiryda LB, Glover SH, Pirisi L et al.| title=Disparity in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes between African American and European American women of college age. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 211 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-8 | pmid=25028692 | doi=10.1093/infdis/jiu394 | pmc=4326315 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25028692  }} </ref>  
*There may be increased incidence of high risk HPV infections in black females as compared to white<ref name="pmid25028692">{{cite journal| author=Banister CE, Messersmith AR, Cai B, Spiryda LB, Glover SH, Pirisi L et al.| title=Disparity in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes between African American and European American women of college age. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 211 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-8 | pmid=25028692 | doi=10.1093/infdis/jiu394 | pmc=4326315 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25028692 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9459645">{{cite journal| author=Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD| title=Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 338 | issue= 7 | pages= 423-8 | pmid=9459645 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199802123380703 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9459645 }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:02, 12 October 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Genital HPV infection is very common, with estimates suggesting that more than 50% of women will become infected with one or more of the sexually transmitted HPV types at some point during adulthood.[1]

Epidemiology

Cutaneous warts

  • Widespread in general population
  • Incidence of common warts is more than plantar or flat warts

Genital warts

  • Worldwide, 90% of genital warts is caused by the HPV 6 and 11[2]
  • Prevalence of genital warts is 1% in USA as compared to 10% in Scandinavian countries
  • In USA, the incidence of genital warts has slightly increased in the year 2013

HPV associated cancers

  • In USA, the incidence of HPV associated cancer is 38,793 each year (data 2008-2012)[3]
Cervical cancer
  • Worldwide, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer is 500,000 cases each year.
  • Worlwide, 70% of cervical cancer is caused by the HPV 16 and 18[2]
  • In USA, more than 90% of cervical cancer is caused by HPV.[3]
Oropharyngeal cancer
  • Incidence of oropharyngeal cancer associated with HPV is showing an increasing trend in USA(23297039)(21969503)
  • 70% of oropharyngeal cancers are associated with HPV[3]
Anal cancer
  • In USA, the incidence of anal cancer has increased in the last three decades(23297039)((19293308)(19156144)(23042932)
  • There is increased incidence among HIV positive individuals and incidence has not shown a decline after the advent of antiretroviral therapy.(7062503)
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
  • Rare with rates of about 2 cases per 100,000 children in the United States[4]
  • Common in children born to females having active genital warts at the time of vaginal delivery

Information from the AMA

According to the Journal of the American Medical Association (Dunne, Eileen F. et al, 2007) the prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States is as follows:[5]

  • 24.5% prevalence of HPV among females 14 to 19 years old
  • 44.8% prevalence of HPV among females 20 to 24 years old
  • 27.4% prevalence of HPV among females 25 to 29 years old
  • 27.5% prevalence of HPV among females 30 to 39 years old
  • 25.2% prevalence of HPV among females 40 to 49 years old
  • 19.6% prevalence of HPV among females 50 to 59 years old

Demographics

Following demographic factors may affect the incidence and prevalence of HPV infection:

Age

Cutaneous warts

  • More common in children aged 12-16 yrs of age[6] (2599836)
  • 10% of children and 3.5% of adults are affected, worldwide

Genital warts

  • Incidence of genital HPV infection increases at the age when individuals begin to engage in sexual activity.[7][8]
  • Highest incidence of genital warts is seen in females aged 20-24 yrs and males aged 25-29 yrs of age[9] (CDC)
  • Prevalence of cervical HPV in females may decline after age 30(12571255)

HPV associated cancer

  • Incidence is more common in younger age group(sexually active)(18334711)(2196503)(18798277)(22641955)

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

  • Increased incidence is seen in children as compared to adults(18496162)(23013073)

Gender

HPV associated cancers

  • Out of total 38,793 HPV-associated cancers that occur in the United States each year, 23,000 occur among women, and about 15,793 among men[3]
  • Three fold increased prevalence of HPV associated anal and oropharyngeal cancer in men as compared to women.
  • Increased incidence of oropharngeal and anal cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM)[10](22282321 JAMA)(22706220)(24625808)(25291584)
  • Worldwide, the point prevalence of HPV in females is 10%, with highest prevalence among african females(17597569)

Race

  • There may be increased incidence of high risk HPV infections in black females as compared to white[11][8]

References

  1. ↑ Baseman JG, Koutsky LA (2005). "The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections". J. Clin. Virol. 32 Suppl 1: S16–24. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008. PMID 15753008. *Note: The authors state on page S17 "Overall, these DNA-based studies, combined with measurements of type-specific antibodies against HPV capsid antigens, have shown that most (>50%) sexually active women have been infected by one or more genital HPV types at some point in time."
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/other.htm#hpv Accessed on October 12, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/statistics/ Accessed on October 12, 2016
  4. ↑ Sinal SH, Woods CR (2005). "Human papillomavirus infections of the genital and respiratory tracts in young children". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 16 (4): 306–16. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.010. PMID 16210110. Retrieved 2012-12-10. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ Allen AL, Siegfried EC (2000). "What's new in human papillomavirus infection". Curr Opin Pediatr. 12 (4): 365–9. PMID 10943818.
  7. ↑ Schiffman M, Castle PE (2005). "The promise of global cervical-cancer prevention". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (20): 2101–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058171. PMID 16291978.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD (1998). "Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women". N Engl J Med. 338 (7): 423–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802123380703. PMID 9459645.
  9. ↑ Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS; et al. (2007). "Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States". JAMA. 297 (8): 813–9. doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.813. PMID 17327523.
  10. ↑ "STD Facts - HPV and Men". Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  11. ↑ Banister CE, Messersmith AR, Cai B, Spiryda LB, Glover SH, Pirisi L; et al. (2015). "Disparity in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes between African American and European American women of college age". J Infect Dis. 211 (1): 100–8. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu394. PMC 4326315. PMID 25028692.

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