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| *Many of the [[symptoms]] are [[flu]]-like including [[fever]], [[chills]], [[weakness]] and [[muscle pain]] | | *Many of the [[symptoms]] are [[flu]]-like including [[fever]], [[chills]], [[weakness]] and [[muscle pain]] |
| *Most distinctive [[symptom]] is the [[rash]] that breaks out, spanning the person's entire body | | *Most distinctive [[symptom]] is the [[rash]] that breaks out, spanning the person's entire body |
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| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Rickettsialpox]]''' |
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| | *The insect injects [[formic acid]], which can cause an immediate [[skin]] reaction often resulting in a [[rash]] and swelling in the injured area, |
| | *Often associated with formation of [[vesicles]]. |
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| * [[Atopic dermatitis]] - The [[skin]] of a patient with [[atopic dermatitis]] reacts abnormally and easily to irritants, food, and environmental allergens and becomes red, flaky and very itchy. It also becomes vulnerable to surface [[infections]] caused by [[bacteria]]. The [[skin]] on the flexural surfaces of the [[joints]] (for example inner sides of elbows and knees) are most commonly affected regions in people.
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| * [[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] - disease that causes tissue to become [[necrotic]], causing deep [[ulcers]] that usually occur on the [[legs]]. When they occur, they can lead to chronic wounds. [[Ulcers]] usually look like small bug bites or [[papules]] initially, and they progress to larger [[ulcers]]. Though the wounds rarely lead to death, they can cause [[pain]] and [[scarring]].
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| *[[Herpes simplex]] - Primary orofacial [[herpes]] / Herpes simplex type 1 presents itself as multiple, round, superficial [[oral ulcer]]s <ref name="pmid17939933">{{cite journal |author=Fatahzadeh M, Schwartz RA |title=Human herpes simplex virus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=737–63; quiz 764–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17939933 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.027}}</ref> Adults with non-typical presentation are more difficult to diagnose. However, [[prodromal symptoms]] that occur before the appearance of herpetic lesions helps to differentiate [[HSV]] from other conditions with similar [[symptoms]] like [[allergy|allergic]] [[stomatitis]]. [[Genital herpes]] can be more difficult to diagnose than [[oral herpes]] since most genital herpes/HSV-2-infected persons have no classical [[signs]] and [[symptoms]].<ref name="pmid17939933"/>. They present with [[blister]]s and [[ulcer]]s in genital area that are similar to orofacial herpes. [[Herpes simplex|Herpes infection]] can recur even after successful initial treatment. The first episode is usually longer (two to four weeks) more painful and severe than the subsequent/recurrent episodes.
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| *[[Contact dermatitis]] - [[skin]] reaction resulting from exposure to [[allergens]] (allergic contact dermatitis) or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis).[[Phototoxic]] dermatitis occurs when the allergen or irritant is activated by sunlight. Contact dermatitis is a localized [[rash]] or irritation of the skin caused by contact with a foreign substance. Only the superficial regions of the skin are affected in contact dermatitis.
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| *[[Folliculitis]] - [[Folliculitis]] starts when [[hair follicles]] are damaged by friction from clothing, blockage of the follicle, or shaving. In most cases of [[folliculitis]] the damaged follicles are then [[infected]] with the [[bacteria]] [[Staphylococcus]].
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| *[[Scabies]] - transmissible [[Parasitism|ectoparasite]] [[skin]] [[infection]] characterized by superficial burrows, intense pruritus and [[secondary infection]].
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| *[[Papule|Papular]] [[urticaria]] - [[skin]] condition, commonly caused by an [[allergic reaction]], that is characterized by raised red [[skin]] welts. It is also known as nettle rash or uredo. Welts from hives can appear anywhere on the body, including the [[face]], [[lips]], [[tongue]], [[throat]], and [[ears]]. Welts may vary in size from about 5 mm (0.2 inches) in diameter to the size of a dinner plate; they typically itch severely, sting, or burn, and often have a pale border. [[Urticaria]] is generally caused by direct contact with an allergenic substance, or an [[immune response]] to food or some other [[allergen]], but can also appear for other reasons, notably emotional stress. The [[rash]] can be triggered by quite innocent events, such as mere rubbing or exposure to cold.
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| *[[Candidiasis|Candidal infection]] - [[fungal infection]] (mycosis) of any of the ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' species, of which ''[[Candida albicans]]'' is the most common.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Walsh TJ, Dixon DM | chapter=Deep Mycoses |title=Baron's Medical Microbiology |editor=Baron S ''et al'' eds.| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 |isbn=0-9631172-1-1 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.4006 |format=via NCBI Bookshelf}}</ref><ref name="Medline Plus">{{MedlinePlus|001511|Vaginal yeast infection}}</ref> Candidiasis thereby encompasses infections that range from superficial, such as oral thrush and [[vaginitis]], to [[systemic]] and potentially life-threatening diseases. ''Candida'' infections of the latter category are also referred to as candidemia and are usually confined to severely [[immunocompromised]] persons, such as [[cancer]], [[Organ transplant|transplant]], and [[AIDS]] patients, whereas superficial infections of [[skin]] and [[mucosa]]l membranes by ''Candida'' causing local [[inflammation]] and [[Stress (medicine)|discomfort]] is common in many [[human]] populations.<ref name="Medline Plus"/><ref name="Fidel">{{cite journal|author=Fidel PL|year= 2002|title=Immunity to Candida|journal=Oral Dis.|volume=8|pages=69-75|pmid=12164664}}</ref><ref name="Pappas">{{cite journal |author=Pappas PG |title=Invasive candidiasis |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=485–506 |year=2006 |pmid=16984866 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2006.07.004}}</ref> While clearly attributable to the presence of the [[opportunistic pathogen]]s of the genus ''Candida'', candidiasis describes a number of different disease syndromes that often differ in their causes and outcomes.<ref name="Medline Plus"/><ref name="Fidel"/>
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| *[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]] - systemic condition, usually extremely itchy. In many people the [[vesicles]] or [[papules]] appear on pressure points, such as the [[elbows]], [[knees]], [[back]] and [[buttocks]]. It may also present as a patch of red [[skin]] with little water blisters scattered about. The unpredictable [[skin rash]] may appear or be exacerbated by any irritation such as [[dry skin]], scratching or clothing that is rough or scratchy. The fact that the rash is most prevalent at pressure points may be why the [[symptoms]] sometimes appear to be symmetrical.
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| *[[Drug eruption]]s - [[Cutaneous]] [[drug eruption]]s are the most frequent type of adverse drug reactions and the overwhelming majority of these reactions are thought to be [[allergic]] in origin.
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| *[[Insect bite]]s - In an [[insect bite]], the insect injects [[formic acid]], which can cause an immediate [[skin]] reaction often resulting in a [[rash]] and swelling in the injured area, often with formation of [[vesicles]].
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| *[[Kawasaki disease]] - commonly presents with high and persistent [[fever]], red [[mucous membranes]] in mouth, "[[strawberry tongue]]", [[swollen lymph nodes]] and [[skin rash]] in early disease, with peeling off of the [[skin]] of the [[hands]], [[feet]] and [[genital area]].
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| *[[Measles]] - commonly presents with high [[fever]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]], with observation of [[oral mucosa|oral mucosal]] lesions ([[Koplik's spots]]), followed by widespread [[skin rash]].
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| *[[Monkeypox]] - presentation is similar to [[smallpox]], although it is often a milder form, with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[myalgia]], [[back pain]], [[swollen lymph nodes]], a general feeling of discomfort, and exhaustion. Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of [[fever]], the patient develops a papular [[rash]], often first on the face. The lesions usually develop through several stages before crusting and falling off.
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| *[[Rubella]] - commonly presents with a facial [[rash]] which then spreads to the [[trunk]] and [[limbs]], fading after 3 days, low grade [[fever]], swollen [[glands]], [[joint pain]]s, [[headache]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. The [[rash]] disappears after a few days with no staining or peeling of the [[skin]]. ''[[Forchheimer's sign]]'' occurs in 20% of cases, and is characterized by small, red [[papules]] on the area of the [[soft palate]].
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| *Atypical [[measles]] - symptoms commonly begin about 7-14 days after infection and present as [[fever]], [[cough]], [[coryza]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. Observation of [[Koplik's spots]] is also a characteristic finding in measles.
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| *[[Coxsackievirus]] - the most commonly caused disease is the [[Coxsackie A]] disease, presenting as ''hand, foot and mouth disease''. It may be [[asymptomatic]] or cause mild [[symptoms]], or it may produce [[fever]] and painful [[blisters]] in the mouth ([[herpangina]]), on the palms and fingers of the hand, or on the soles of the feet. There can also be [[blisters]] in the [[throat]] or above the [[tonsils]]. Adults can also be affected. The [[rash]], which can appear several days after high temperature and painful sore throat, can be itchy and painful, especially on the hands/fingers and bottom of feet.
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| *[[Acne]] - typical of teenagers, usually appears on the [[face]] and upper neck, but the [[chest]], [[human back|back]] and [[shoulder]]s may have [[acne]] as well. The upper [[arm]]s can also have [[acne]], but lesions found there are often [[keratosis pilaris]], not [[acne]]. The typical [[acne]] lesions are [[comedones]] and [[inflammatory]] [[papules]], [[pustules]], and [[nodules]]. Some of the large [[nodules]] were previously called "[[cyst]]s"
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| *[[Syphilis]] - commonly presents with gneralized systemic [[symptoms]] such as [[malaise]], [[fatigue]], [[headache]] and [[fever]]. [[Skin]] eruptions may be subtle and [[asymptomatic]] Classically described as 1) non-pruritic bilateral symmetrical mucocutaneous [[rash]]; 2) non-tender regional [[lymphadenopathy]]; 3) condylomata lata; and 4) patchy [[alopecia]].
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| *[[Molluscum contagiosum]] - lesions are commonly flesh-colored, dome-shaped, and pearly in appearance. They are often 1-5 millimeters in diameter, with a dimpled center. Generally not painful, but they may itch or become irritated. Picking or scratching the lesions may lead to further [[infection]] or scarring. In about 10% of the cases, [[eczema]] develops around the lesions. They may occasionally be complicated by secondary [[bacterial infections]].
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| *[[Mononucleosis]] - Common [[symptoms]] include low-grade [[fever]] without [[chills]], [[sore throat]], white patches on [[tonsils]] and back of the throat, [[muscle weakness]] and sometime extreme [[fatigue]], tender [[lymphadenopathy]], [[petechial hemorrhage]] and [[skin rash]].
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| *Toxic [[erythema]] - common [[rash]] in infants, with clustered and [[vesicular]] appearance.
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| *[[Rat-bite fever]] - commonly presents with [[fever]], [[chills]], open sore at the site of the bite and [[rash]], which may show red or purple plaques.
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| *[[Parvovirus B19]] - the [[rash]] of fifth disease is typically described as "slapped cheeks," with [[erythema]] across the cheeks and sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth.
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| *[[Cytomegalovirus]] - common [[symptoms]] include [[sore throat]], swollen [[lymph nodes]], [[fever]], [[headache]], [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[muscle pain]] and [[loss of appetite]].
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| *[[Scarlet fever]] - commonly includes [[fever]], punctate red [[macules]] on the hard and soft [[palate]] and [[uvula]] ([[Forchheimer's spots]]), bright red [[tongue]] with a "strawberry" appearance, [[sore throat]] and [[headache]] and [[lymphadenopathy]].
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| *[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]] - [[symptoms]] may include [[maculopapular rash]], [[petechial rash]], [[abdominal pain]] and [[joint pain]].
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| *[[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] - [[symptoms]] may include [[fever]], [[sore throat]] and [[fatigue]]. Commonly presents [[ulcers]] and other lesions in the [[mucous membranes]], almost always in the [[mouth]] and lips but also in the genital and anal regions. Those in the mouth are usually extremely painful and reduce the patient's ability to eat or drink. [[Conjunctivitis]] of the eyes occurs in about 30% of children. A [[rash]] of round lesions about an inch across, may arise on the face, trunk, arms and legs, and soles of the feet, but usually not on the scalp.
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| *[[Varicella-zoster virus]] - commonly starts as a painful [[rash]] on one side of the face or body. The [[rash]] forms blisters that typically scab over in 7-10 days and clears up within 2-4 weeks.
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| *[[Chickenpox]] - commonly starts with [[conjunctival]] and catarrhal [[symptoms]] and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head, rather than the hands, becoming itchy raw pox (small open sores which heal mostly without scarring). Touching the fluid from a [[chickenpox]] blister can also spread the disease.
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| *[[Meningococcemia]] - commonly presents with [[rash]], [[petechiae]], [[headache]], [[confusion]], and [[stiff neck]], high [[fever]], mental status changes, [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]].
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| *[[Rickettsialpox]] - first [[symptom]] is commonly a bump formed by a mite-bite, eventually resulting in a black, crusty scab. Many of the [[symptoms]] are [[flu]]-like including [[fever]], [[chills]], [[weakness]] and [[muscle pain]] but the most distinctive [[symptom]] is the [[rash]] that breaks out, spanning the person's entire body.
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| *[[Meningitis]] - commonly presents with [[headache]], [[nuchal rigidity]], [[fever]], [[petechiae]] and [[altered mental status]].
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| *[[Impetigo]] - commonly presents with pimple-like lesions surrounded by [[erythematous]] [[skin]]. Lesions are [[pustules]], filled with [[pus]], which then break down over 4-6 days and form a thick crust. It's often associated with insect bites, cuts, and other forms of [[trauma]] to the [[skin]].
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| *Depending on the location, Pain symptoms caused by Herpes Zoster infection must be differentiated from: | | *Depending on the location, Pain symptoms caused by Herpes Zoster infection must be differentiated from: |