Nocturia

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Nocturia
ICD-10	R35
ICD-9	788.43

Template:Search infobox Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

Overview

Nocturia (derived from Latin nox, night, and Greek [τα] ούρα, urine), also called nycturia (Greek νυκτουρία), is the need to get up during the night in order to urinate, thus interrupting sleep. Its occurrence is more frequent in the elderly. Nocturia could result simply from too much liquid intake before going to bed, or it could be a symptom of a larger problem, such as chronic renal failure, urinary incontinence, Interstitial Cystitis, diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, Ureteral Pelvic Junction Obstruction or prostate cancer.

Causes

Causes of Nocturia

Due to Hormonal imbalance

Due to Vesical problems

Global Polyuria

Nocturanl Polyuria

Sleep disorders

Bladder storage disorders

Global Polyuria	Nocturanl Polyuria	Sleep disorders	Bladder storage disorders
Defined as a 24-hour urine volume that exceeds 3 liters per day (or 40 mL per kg).The common causes of global polyuria are Diabetes mellitus- caused by low levels of AVP Diabetes insipidus- caused by low levels of Insulin	Nocturnal polyuria is defined as an increase in urine production during the night but with a proportional decrease in daytime urine production that results in a normal 24-hour urine volume.Nocturnal polyuria may be due to age-related changes in the secretion and action of arginine vasopressin (AVP).There is a diurnal periodicity in AVP release in young, healthy subjects, with higher AVP plasma levels in the evening contributing to decreased nighttime urine output.The diurnal variation in AVP release is absent in many older subjects.Compared with the normal patients, nocturia patients have a nocturnal decrease in AVP level.Other causes of nocturnal polyuria include diseases such as congestive heart failure, nephritic syndrome and Hepatic failure or lifestyle patterns such as excessive nighttime drinking.	Sleep disorders have been demonstrated to be a frequent cause of nocturia in men younger than 50 years and in women with symptoms of daytime overactive bladder syndrome. Primary sleep disorders may result in nocturia either because of hormonal changes related to sleep-disordered breathing or due to patient misperception of the reason for awakening due to the sleep disturbance but recall this as an awakening to void. e.g. Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) Restless leg syndrome OSA may also cause nocturnal polyuria by release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).	Reduced bladder capacity or impaired bladder function results in Low-volume voids. Most common causes of low-volume bladder voids are overactive bladder (e.g. Bladder outlet obstruction) Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g. BPH) Drug Side Effect Bicalutamide Progesterone Tiagabine References See also Polyuria Enuresis