Ischemic stroke classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Ischemic stroke may be classified according to the duration of onset of symptoms and causative agent. The major classification system of ischemic stroke inlude: <ref name="pmid7678184">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL et al.| title=Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. | journal=Stroke | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 35-41 | pmid=7678184 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7678184 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25813192">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Biller J| title=Classification of subtypes of ischemic stroke: history of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification. | journal=Stroke | year= 2015 | volume= 46 | issue= 5 | pages= e114-7 | pmid=25813192 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007773 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25813192 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24862944">{{cite journal| author=Bogiatzi C, Wannarong T, McLeod AI, Heisel M, Hackam D, Spence JD| title=SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System), incorporating measurement of carotid plaque burden: a new validated tool for the classification of ischemic stroke subtypes. | journal=Neuroepidemiology | year= 2014 | volume= 42 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-51 | pmid=24862944 | doi=10.1159/000362417 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24862944 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20921513">{{cite journal| author=Arsava EM, Ballabio E, Benner T, Cole JW, Delgado-Martinez MP, Dichgans M et al.| title=The Causative Classification of Stroke system: an international reliability and optimization study. | journal=Neurology | year= 2010 | volume= 75 | issue= 14 | pages= 1277-84 | pmid=20921513 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce | pmc=3013495 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20921513 }} </ref><ref name="pmid: 27624118">{{cite journal| author=Montanaro VV, da Silva CM, de Viana Santos CV, Lima MI, Negrão EM, de Freitas GR| title=Ischemic stroke classification and risk of embolism in patients with Chagas disease. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=: 27624118 | doi=10.1007/s00415-016-8275-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27624118 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16240340">{{cite journal| author=Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A, Smith WS, Sorensen AG, Koroshetz WJ| title=An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke. | journal=Ann Neurol | year= 2005 | volume= 58 | issue= 5 | pages= 688-97 | pmid=16240340 | doi=10.1002/ana.20617 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16240340 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25261504">{{cite journal| author=McArdle PF, Kittner SJ, Ay H, Brown RD, Meschia JF, Rundek T et al.| title=Agreement between TOAST and CCS ischemic stroke classification: the NINDS SiGN study. | journal=Neurology | year= 2014 | volume= 83 | issue= 18 | pages= 1653-60 | pmid=25261504 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000000942 | pmc=4223086 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25261504 }} </ref> | |||
*Toast classification system<ref name="pmid7678184">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL et al.| title=Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. | journal=Stroke | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 35-41 | pmid=7678184 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7678184 }} </ref> | |||
*Causative classification of stroke system (CCS)<ref name="pmid20921513">{{cite journal| author=Arsava EM, Ballabio E, Benner T, Cole JW, Delgado-Martinez MP, Dichgans M et al.| title=The Causative Classification of Stroke system: an international reliability and optimization study. | journal=Neurology | year= 2010 | volume= 75 | issue= 14 | pages= 1277-84 | pmid=20921513 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce | pmc=3013495 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20921513 }} </ref> | |||
*Sparkle classification of ischemic stroke<ref name="pmid24862944">{{cite journal| author=Bogiatzi C, Wannarong T, McLeod AI, Heisel M, Hackam D, Spence JD| title=SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System), incorporating measurement of carotid plaque burden: a new validated tool for the classification of ischemic stroke subtypes. | journal=Neuroepidemiology | year= 2014 | volume= 42 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-51 | pmid=24862944 | doi=10.1159/000362417 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24862944 }} </ref> | |||
{{familytree/start |summary=Sample 1}} | {{familytree/start |summary=Sample 1}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01|A01='''Ischemic stroke'''}} . | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01|A01='''Ischemic stroke'''}} . | ||
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{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}} | {{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}} | ||
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.|}} | {{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.|}} | ||
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | D03 | | | | | | | | D04 | | | D05 | | | |D06| | | D07|D01='''Transient Ischemic stroke'''<br>(symptoms lasts <24 hrs)|D02='''Acute Ischemic stroke'''<br>(symptoms lasts >24 hrs)|D03='''Chronic ischemic stroke''' |D04='''Thrombotic'''|D05='''Embolic'''<br> | {{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | D03 | | | | | | | | D04 | | | D05 | | | |D06| | | D07|D01='''Transient Ischemic stroke'''<br>(symptoms lasts <24 hrs)|D02='''Acute Ischemic stroke'''<br>(symptoms lasts >24 hrs)|D03='''Chronic ischemic stroke''' |D04='''Thrombotic'''|D05='''Embolic<ref name="pmid: 27624118">{{cite journal| author=Montanaro VV, da Silva CM, de Viana Santos CV, Lima MI, Negrão EM, de Freitas GR| title=Ischemic stroke classification and risk of embolism in patients with Chagas disease. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=: 27624118 | doi=10.1007/s00415-016-8275-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27624118 }} </ref>'''<br> | ||
1.Atrial fibrillation<br> | 1.Atrial fibrillation<br> | ||
2.Fat<br> | 2.Fat<br> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |}} | {{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | E02 | | | | | | | | | |E03| | | | E04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |E02='''TOAST classification'''<br> | {{familytree | | | | | E02 | | | | | | | | | |E03| | | | E04 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |E02='''TOAST classification<ref name="pmid7678184">{{cite journal| author=Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL et al.| title=Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. | journal=Stroke | year= 1993 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 35-41 | pmid=7678184 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7678184 }} </ref>'''<br> | ||
1.Large artery [[atherosclerosis]]<br> | 1.Large artery [[atherosclerosis]]<br> | ||
2.[[Cardioembolism]]<br> | 2.[[Cardioembolism]]<br> | ||
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{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | ||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 03:31, 14 November 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Classification
Ischemic stroke may be classified according to the duration of onset of symptoms and causative agent. The major classification system of ischemic stroke inlude: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Toast classification system[1]
- Causative classification of stroke system (CCS)[4]
- Sparkle classification of ischemic stroke[3]
Ischemic stroke | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on duration of onset of symptoms | Based on cause | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transient Ischemic stroke (symptoms lasts <24 hrs) | Acute Ischemic stroke (symptoms lasts >24 hrs) | Chronic ischemic stroke | Thrombotic | Embolic[5] 1.Atrial fibrillation | Vasculitic Takayasu arteritis | Systemic hypoperfusion
1.Myocardial infarction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TOAST classification[1] 1.Large artery atherosclerosis | Arterial thrombosis
1.Carotid artery 2.Vertebral artery 3.Circle of Willis 4.Middle cerbral artery | Venous thrombosis Central venous thrombosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Large vessel involvement
1.Atherosclerosis | Small vessel involvement
1.Fibrinoid degeneration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL; et al. (1993). "Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment". Stroke. 24 (1): 35–41. PMID 7678184.
- ↑ Adams HP, Biller J (2015). "Classification of subtypes of ischemic stroke: history of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification". Stroke. 46 (5): e114–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007773. PMID 25813192.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bogiatzi C, Wannarong T, McLeod AI, Heisel M, Hackam D, Spence JD (2014). "SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System), incorporating measurement of carotid plaque burden: a new validated tool for the classification of ischemic stroke subtypes". Neuroepidemiology. 42 (4): 243–51. doi:10.1159/000362417. PMID 24862944.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arsava EM, Ballabio E, Benner T, Cole JW, Delgado-Martinez MP, Dichgans M; et al. (2010). "The Causative Classification of Stroke system: an international reliability and optimization study". Neurology. 75 (14): 1277–84. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce. PMC 3013495. PMID 20921513.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Montanaro VV, da Silva CM, de Viana Santos CV, Lima MI, Negrão EM, de Freitas GR (2016). "Ischemic stroke classification and risk of embolism in patients with Chagas disease". J Neurol. doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8275-0. PMID 27624118 : 27624118 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A, Smith WS, Sorensen AG, Koroshetz WJ (2005). "An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke". Ann Neurol. 58 (5): 688–97. doi:10.1002/ana.20617. PMID 16240340.
- ↑ McArdle PF, Kittner SJ, Ay H, Brown RD, Meschia JF, Rundek T; et al. (2014). "Agreement between TOAST and CCS ischemic stroke classification: the NINDS SiGN study". Neurology. 83 (18): 1653–60. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000942. PMC 4223086. PMID 25261504.