Diabetic nephropathy risk factors: Difference between revisions
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Risk factors of diabetic nephropathy can be subcategorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors: | Risk factors of diabetic nephropathy can be subcategorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors: | ||
===Modifiable Risk Factors=== | ===Modifiable Risk Factors=== | ||
Modifiable risk factors include:<ref name="pmid25342915">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lim AKh |title=Diabetic nephropathy - complications and treatment |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=361–81 |year=2014 |pmid=25342915 |pmc=4206379 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S40172 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26676664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tziomalos K, Athyros VG |title=Diabetic Nephropathy: New Risk Factors and Improvements in Diagnosis |journal=Rev Diabet Stud |volume=12 |issue=1-2 |pages=110–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26676664 |doi=10.1900/RDS.2015.12.110 |url=}}</ref> | Modifiable risk factors include:<ref name="book">{{cite book |last= Kasper |first=Dennis |date=2015 |title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine |url= |location= New York, New York |publisher= McGraw-Hill |page= |isbn=0071802150}}</ref><ref name="pmid25342915">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lim AKh |title=Diabetic nephropathy - complications and treatment |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=361–81 |year=2014 |pmid=25342915 |pmc=4206379 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S40172 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26676664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tziomalos K, Athyros VG |title=Diabetic Nephropathy: New Risk Factors and Improvements in Diagnosis |journal=Rev Diabet Stud |volume=12 |issue=1-2 |pages=110–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26676664 |doi=10.1900/RDS.2015.12.110 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Hypertension]] | *[[Hypertension]] | ||
*[[Dyslipidemia]] | *[[Dyslipidemia]] | ||
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===Non-modifiable Risk Factors=== | ===Non-modifiable Risk Factors=== | ||
Non-modifiable risk factors include:<ref name="pmid25342915">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lim AKh |title=Diabetic nephropathy - complications and treatment |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=361–81 |year=2014 |pmid=25342915 |pmc=4206379 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S40172 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26676664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tziomalos K, Athyros VG |title=Diabetic Nephropathy: New Risk Factors and Improvements in Diagnosis |journal=Rev Diabet Stud |volume=12 |issue=1-2 |pages=110–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26676664 |doi=10.1900/RDS.2015.12.110 |url=}}</ref> | Non-modifiable risk factors include:<ref name="book">{{cite book |last= Kasper |first=Dennis |date=2015 |title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine |url= |location= New York, New York |publisher= McGraw-Hill |page= |isbn=0071802150}}</ref><ref name="pmid25342915">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lim AKh |title=Diabetic nephropathy - complications and treatment |journal=Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis |volume=7 |issue= |pages=361–81 |year=2014 |pmid=25342915 |pmc=4206379 |doi=10.2147/IJNRD.S40172 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26676664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tziomalos K, Athyros VG |title=Diabetic Nephropathy: New Risk Factors and Improvements in Diagnosis |journal=Rev Diabet Stud |volume=12 |issue=1-2 |pages=110–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26676664 |doi=10.1900/RDS.2015.12.110 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Age: advancing age is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy | *Age: advancing age is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy | ||
*Race: African Americans, Native Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy | *Race: African Americans, Native Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy | ||
Revision as of 16:31, 28 November 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk factors of diabetic nephropathy can be subcategorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors:
Modifiable Risk Factors
Modifiable risk factors include:[1][2][3]
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- Smoking: smoking is associated with worsening renal function
- Inadequate glycemic control
Non-modifiable Risk Factors
Non-modifiable risk factors include:[1][2][3]
- Age: advancing age is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy
- Race: African Americans, Native Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy
- Family history: patients with a family history of diabetic nephropathy are more likely to develop diabetic nephropathy themselves
- Genetic profile: genetic variants in ACE, ALR2, APOC1, APOE, EPO, eNOS, HSPG2, VEGF, FRMD3, CARS, UNC13B, CPVL/CHN2, and GREM1 have been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy
- Obesity: obesity and especially increased abdominal circumference are associated with higher incidence of diabetic nephropathy
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kasper, Dennis (2015). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071802150.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lim A (2014). "Diabetic nephropathy - complications and treatment". Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 7: 361–81. doi:10.2147/IJNRD.S40172. PMC 4206379. PMID 25342915. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tziomalos K, Athyros VG (2015). "Diabetic Nephropathy: New Risk Factors and Improvements in Diagnosis". Rev Diabet Stud. 12 (1–2): 110–8. doi:10.1900/RDS.2015.12.110. PMID 26676664.