Diabetic nephropathy physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of [[diabetes mellitus]] or [[chronic renal failure]]. The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to [[hypertension]] and volume overload. Examples include peripheral [[edema]], [[periorbital edema]] and [[shortness of breath]]. In addition, the presence of [[retinopathy]] is a strong indicator that [[kidney]] involvement is due to diabetes and hence, eyes should be examined.<ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20054047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abboud H, Henrich WL |title=Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=362 |issue=1 |pages=56–65 |year=2010 |pmid=20054047 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp0906797 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Revision as of 18:21, 1 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to hypertension and volume overload. Examples include peripheral edema, periorbital edema and shortness of breath. In addition, the presence of retinopathy is a strong indicator that kidney involvement is due to diabetes and hence, eyes should be examined.[1][2][1]
Physical Examination
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure. The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to hypertension and volume overload. Examples include peripheral edema, periorbital edema and shortness of breath. In addition, the presence of retinopathy is a strong indicator that kidney involvement is due to diabetes and hence, eyes should be examined.[1][2][1]
For full physical examination findings of chronic renal failure, click here
For full physical examination findings of diabetes mellitus, click here
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P (2002). "Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes". N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (15): 1145–51. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp011773. PMID 11948275.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abboud H, Henrich WL (2010). "Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 362 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0906797. PMID 20054047.