Epididymoorchitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21490048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H |title=Epididymo-orchitis |journal=BMJ |volume=342 |issue= |pages=d1543 |year=2011 |pmid=21490048 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9651416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadish HA, Bolte RG |title=A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages |journal=Pediatrics |volume=102 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=73–6 |year=1998 |pmid=9651416 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21490048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H |title=Epididymo-orchitis |journal=BMJ |volume=342 |issue= |pages=d1543 |year=2011 |pmid=21490048 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9651416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadish HA, Bolte RG |title=A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages |journal=Pediatrics |volume=102 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=73–6 |year=1998 |pmid=9651416 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11350430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luzzi GA, O'Brien TS |title=Acute epididymitis |journal=BJU Int. |volume=87 |issue=8 |pages=747–55 |year=2001 |pmid=11350430 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated | *General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated | ||
*Vital signs: [[fever]] and [[tachycardia]] may be present | *Vital signs: [[fever]] and [[tachycardia]] may be present | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:[1][2][3][4]
- General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated
- Vital signs: fever and tachycardia may be present
- Scrotal and testicular examination: look for swelling or tenderness on palpation of the testicle or palpation of a tender spermatic cord, which is suggestive of epididymitis. There may also be an area of induration. In the later stages of epididymoorchitis, there may be scrotal wall erythema that mimics testicular torsion
- Cremasteric reflex: ipsilateral cremasteric reflex is usually intact in cases of epididymoorchitis
- Prehn sign: Epididymoorchitis usually has a positive Prehn sign, which is the relief of pain with elevation of the testicle
- Inguinal area examination: inguinal area is examined to look for hernias or swollen/tender lymph nodes
- Costovertebral angle tenderness or tenderness on palpation of the suprapubic region may reveal concomitant pyelonephritis and cystitis, respectively
References
- ↑ Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H (2011). "Epididymo-orchitis". BMJ. 342: d1543. PMID 21490048.
- ↑ Kadish HA, Bolte RG (1998). "A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages". Pediatrics. 102 (1 Pt 1): 73–6. PMID 9651416.
- ↑ Luzzi GA, O'Brien TS (2001). "Acute epididymitis". BJU Int. 87 (8): 747–55. PMID 11350430.