Bacterial meningitis causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Causes by Age group===
The causative bacterial agent for bacterial agent may vary according to the age group:<ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid21612470">{{cite journal| author=Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL et al.| title=Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 21 | pages= 2016-25 | pmid=21612470 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1005384 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21612470  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21180625">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman O, Weber RJ| title=Pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Ther Adv Neurol Disord | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=21180625 | doi=10.1177/1756285609337975 | pmc=3002609 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21180625  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20129147">{{cite journal| author=Kim KS| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 32-42 | pmid=20129147 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20129147  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25657770">{{cite journal| author=Khalessi N, Afsharkhas L| title=Neonatal meningitis: risk factors, causes, and neurologic complications. | journal=Iran J Child Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 46-50 | pmid=25657770 | doi= | pmc=4307368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25657770  }} </ref>
The causative bacterial agent for bacterial agent may vary according to the age group:<ref name=abc>https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017</ref><ref name="pmid21612470">{{cite journal| author=Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL et al.| title=Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 21 | pages= 2016-25 | pmid=21612470 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1005384 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21612470  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610819">{{cite journal| author=Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D| title=Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 467-92 | pmid=20610819 | doi=10.1128/CMR.00070-09 | pmc=2901656 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21180625">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman O, Weber RJ| title=Pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Ther Adv Neurol Disord | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=21180625 | doi=10.1177/1756285609337975 | pmc=3002609 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21180625  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20129147">{{cite journal| author=Kim KS| title=Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 32-42 | pmid=20129147 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20129147  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25657770">{{cite journal| author=Khalessi N, Afsharkhas L| title=Neonatal meningitis: risk factors, causes, and neurologic complications. | journal=Iran J Child Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 46-50 | pmid=25657770 | doi= | pmc=4307368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25657770  }} </ref>
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===Common causes===
===Less common causes===
===Life threatening causes===
Meningococcal meningitis may lead to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing shock and death.<ref name="pmid21772601">{{cite journal| author=Sonavane A, Baradkar V, Salunkhe P, Kumar S| title=Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with meningococcal meningitis. | journal=Indian J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 56 | issue= 3 | pages= 326-8 | pmid=21772601 | doi=10.4103/0019-5154.82496 | pmc=3132917 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21772601  }} </ref>
===Causes by organ system===


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:01, 5 January 2017

Meningitis main page

Bacterial meningitis Microchapters

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Differentiating Meningitis from other Diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The causative agent for bacterial meningitis varies according to age group. Common causative agents for bacterial meningitis may include Group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Causes

Causes by Age group

The causative bacterial agent for bacterial agent may vary according to the age group:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Age group Bacterial cause
New borns Group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Infants and children Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Group B Streptococcus
Adolescents and Young Adults Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Older adults Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes

Common causes

Less common causes

Life threatening causes

Meningococcal meningitis may lead to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing shock and death.[7]

Causes by organ system

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL; et al. (2011). "Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007". N Engl J Med. 364 (21): 2016–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1005384. PMID 21612470.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2010). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3): 467–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00070-09. PMC 2901656. PMID 20610819.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hoffman O, Weber RJ (2009). "Pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis". Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2 (6): 1–7. doi:10.1177/1756285609337975. PMC 3002609. PMID 21180625.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kim KS (2010). "Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children". Lancet Infect Dis. 10 (1): 32–42. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-8. PMID 20129147.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Khalessi N, Afsharkhas L (2014). "Neonatal meningitis: risk factors, causes, and neurologic complications". Iran J Child Neurol. 8 (4): 46–50. PMC 4307368. PMID 25657770.
  7. ↑ Sonavane A, Baradkar V, Salunkhe P, Kumar S (2011). "Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with meningococcal meningitis". Indian J Dermatol. 56 (3): 326–8. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.82496. PMC 3132917. PMID 21772601.


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