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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Peritonitis may be classified according to the cause into 3 subtypes: spontaneous, secondary, and [[dialysis]]-associated peritonitis. | | Peritonitis may be classified according to the cause into 3 subtypes: spontaneous, secondary, and [[dialysis]]-associated peritonitis. |
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| ==Classification==
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| Peritonitis may be classified into Infective and non-infective subtypes.
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| * [['''Infective peritonitis''']] is classified as either diffuse or localized, primary , secondary, or tertiary and is further characterized as “uncomplicated” or “complicated.”
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| ** '''Primary peritonitis''' is spontaneous infection of the peritoneal cavity, usually associated with liver disease and ascites [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)].
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| **'''Secondary peritonitis''' is infection of the peritoneal cavity due to spillage of organisms into the peritoneum, usually associated with GI perforation.
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| **'''Tertiary peritonitis''' is a recurrent infection of the peritoneal cavity following an episode of secondary peritonitis without a surgically treatable focus, may be due to disturbance in the host's immune response.
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| **'''Uncomplicated peritonitis''' is infection contained within a single organ without anatomic disruption.
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| **'''Complicated peritonitis''' involve extension of infection beyond the organ, either ''localized'' or ''generalized'' peritonitis, with spillage of microorganisms into the sterile peritoneal space.
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| **'''Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis''' is the major complication of peritoneal dialysis and most often is due to touch contamination or catheter-related infection.
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| *'''''Non-infective peritonitis''''' is due to leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum, such as blood (e.g., endometriosis, blunt abdominal trauma), gastric juice (e.g., peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma), bile (e.g., liver biopsy), urine (pelvic trauma), menstrum (e.g., salpingitis), pancreatic juice (pancreatitis), or even the contents of a ruptured dermoid cyst which subsequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24 to 48 hours.
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| **'''Aseptic peritonitis''' occurs as an acute reaction to foreign substance (e.g., gauze, sponge) left during a procedure.
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| *[[Peritonitis]] may also be classified into [[''Community acquired'']] and [[''Health care associated'']] types.
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| **'''Community acquired''' account for 80% of infections and are graded from “mild to moderate” to “more severe” on the basis of physiologic scoring systems (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]), the patient's comorbid conditions, underlying immune status, and an inability to achieve adequate source control.
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| **'''Health care associated''' infections are most commonly acquired as complications of previous elective or emergency abdominal surgeries.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |