Pharyngitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Common Risk Factors== | ==Common Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors for pharyngitis include: | Common risk factors for pharyngitis include:<ref name="pmid12915503">Koch A, Mølbak K, Homøe P, Sørensen P, Hjuler T, Olesen ME et al. (2003) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12915503 Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children.] ''Am J Epidemiol'' 158 (4):374-84. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/12915503 12915503]</ref><ref name="pmid16253886">Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16253886 The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.] ''Lancet Infect Dis'' 5 (11):685-94. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/16253886 16253886]</ref><ref name="pmid7567345">Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S (1995) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7567345 Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association.] ''Pediatrics'' 96 (4 Pt 1):758-64. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/7567345 7567345]</ref> | ||
*History of ill contact | *History of ill contact | ||
*Over crowding | *Over crowding | ||
Revision as of 17:47, 16 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
Pharyngitis is contagious, so anyone in close proximity to someone with the illness, is at risk. Social situations with prolonged close interpersonal contact are associated with a higher incidence of the disease, such as in schools, dormitories, or military barracks. Droplet spread has been postulated as the method of transmission, and outbreaks have been associated with contaminated food and water, but fomites are not thought to play a role. The degree of contagion is probably related.[1]
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors for pharyngitis include:[2][3][4]
- History of ill contact
- Over crowding
- Frequent sinus infections
- Smoking
- Attending day care
- Immunocompromised
- Cold season
- Allergic rhinitis
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Less Common Risk Factors
- Use of corticosteroids
- Oral sex
- Multiple sexual partners
- Unprotected sex
References
- ↑ Kline JA, Runge JW (1994) Streptococcal pharyngitis: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. J Emerg Med 12 (5):665-80. PMID: 7989695
- ↑ Koch A, Mølbak K, Homøe P, Sørensen P, Hjuler T, Olesen ME et al. (2003) Risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in young Greenlandic children. Am J Epidemiol 158 (4):374-84. PMID: 12915503
- ↑ Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (11):685-94. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X PMID: 16253886
- ↑ Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S (1995) Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics 96 (4 Pt 1):758-64. PMID: 7567345