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==Historical perspective== | ==Historical perspective== | ||
On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice. | *On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice. | ||
At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress. | *At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress. | ||
The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial epiglottitis after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.<ref name="pmid786230">{{cite journal| author=Scheidemandel HH| title=Did George Washington die of quinsy? | journal=Arch Otolaryngol | year= 1976 | volume= 102 | issue= 9 | pages= 519-21 | pmid=786230 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=786230 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16244717">{{cite journal| author=Cohen B| title=The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche. | journal=J Med Biogr | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-31 | pmid=16244717 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16244717 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18705585">{{cite journal| author=Cheatham ML| title=The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy? | journal=Am Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 74 | issue= 8 | pages= 770-4 | pmid=18705585 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18705585 }} </ref> | *The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial epiglottitis after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.<ref name="pmid786230">{{cite journal| author=Scheidemandel HH| title=Did George Washington die of quinsy? | journal=Arch Otolaryngol | year= 1976 | volume= 102 | issue= 9 | pages= 519-21 | pmid=786230 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=786230 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16244717">{{cite journal| author=Cohen B| title=The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche. | journal=J Med Biogr | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-31 | pmid=16244717 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16244717 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18705585">{{cite journal| author=Cheatham ML| title=The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy? | journal=Am Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 74 | issue= 8 | pages= 770-4 | pmid=18705585 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18705585 }} </ref> | ||
Beofre 1960 acute epiglottitis was classified under several headings.<ref name="pmid1613842">{{cite journal| author=Wurtele P| title=Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research. | journal=J Otolaryngol | year= 1992 | volume= 21 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= 1-15 | pmid=1613842 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1613842 }} </ref> | *Beofre 1960 acute epiglottitis was classified under several headings.<ref name="pmid1613842">{{cite journal| author=Wurtele P| title=Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research. | journal=J Otolaryngol | year= 1992 | volume= 21 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= 1-15 | pmid=1613842 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1613842 }} </ref> | ||
In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> [[Haemophilus influenzae|H. influenza]] was the most common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. | *In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> [[Haemophilus influenzae|H. influenza]] was the most common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical perspective
- On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice.
- At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress.
- The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial epiglottitis after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.[1][2][3]
- Beofre 1960 acute epiglottitis was classified under several headings.[4]
- In the 1980s Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,[5] H. influenza was the most common culprit of epiglottitis.
References
- ↑ Scheidemandel HH (1976). "Did George Washington die of quinsy?". Arch Otolaryngol. 102 (9): 519–21. PMID 786230.
- ↑ Cohen B (2005). "The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche". J Med Biogr. 13 (4): 225–31. PMID 16244717.
- ↑ Cheatham ML (2008). "The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy?". Am Surg. 74 (8): 770–4. PMID 18705585.
- ↑ Wurtele P (1992). "Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research". J Otolaryngol. 21 Suppl 2: 1–15. PMID 1613842.
- ↑ Schlossberg, David (2015). Clinical infectious disease (Second ed.). p. 202. ISBN 9781107038912.