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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
One remarkable incidence of [[epiglottitis]] has been traced to George Washington; the first president of the United States on December 13, 1799. He was reported to have had sore throat and [[hoarseness]] of voice. At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress and died few hours later of what was known to be due to acute [[epiglottitis]].<ref name="pmid786230" /><ref name="pmid16244717" /><ref name="pmid18705585" /> In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152" /> [[epiglottitis]] used to be mostly found in pediatric age group between 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend in | One remarkable incidence of [[epiglottitis]] has been traced to George Washington; the first president of the United States on December 13, 1799. He was reported to have had sore throat and [[hoarseness]] of voice. At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have [[respiratory distress]] and died few hours later of what was known to be due to acute [[epiglottitis]].<ref name="pmid786230" /><ref name="pmid16244717" /><ref name="pmid18705585" /> In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152" /> [[epiglottitis]] used to be mostly found in pediatric age group between 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend in north America favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.<ref name="pmid27031010">{{cite journal| author=Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED| title=Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2016 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 1404-7 | pmid=27031010 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27031010 }}</ref> | ||
==Historical perspective == | ==Historical perspective == | ||
*On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice. | *On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice. | ||
*At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress. | *At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have [[respiratory distress]]. | ||
*The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial epiglottitis after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.<ref name="pmid786230">{{cite journal| author=Scheidemandel HH| title=Did George Washington die of quinsy? | journal=Arch Otolaryngol | year= 1976 | volume= 102 | issue= 9 | pages= 519-21 | pmid=786230 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=786230 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16244717">{{cite journal| author=Cohen B| title=The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche. | journal=J Med Biogr | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-31 | pmid=16244717 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16244717 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18705585">{{cite journal| author=Cheatham ML| title=The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy? | journal=Am Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 74 | issue= 8 | pages= 770-4 | pmid=18705585 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18705585 }} </ref> | *The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial [[epiglottitis]] after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.<ref name="pmid786230">{{cite journal| author=Scheidemandel HH| title=Did George Washington die of quinsy? | journal=Arch Otolaryngol | year= 1976 | volume= 102 | issue= 9 | pages= 519-21 | pmid=786230 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=786230 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16244717">{{cite journal| author=Cohen B| title=The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche. | journal=J Med Biogr | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-31 | pmid=16244717 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16244717 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18705585">{{cite journal| author=Cheatham ML| title=The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy? | journal=Am Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 74 | issue= 8 | pages= 770-4 | pmid=18705585 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18705585 }} </ref> | ||
*Before 1960 acute epiglottitis was classified under several headings.<ref name="pmid1613842">{{cite journal| author=Wurtele P| title=Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research. | journal=J Otolaryngol | year= 1992 | volume= 21 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= 1-15 | pmid=1613842 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1613842 }} </ref> | *Before 1960, acute [[epiglottitis]] was classified under several headings.<ref name="pmid1613842">{{cite journal| author=Wurtele P| title=Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research. | journal=J Otolaryngol | year= 1992 | volume= 21 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= 1-15 | pmid=1613842 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1613842 }} </ref> | ||
*In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> [[Haemophilus influenzae|H. influenza]] was the most common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. | *In the 1980s [[Haemophilus Influenzae B|Haemophilus]] influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,<ref name="Sch20152">{{cite book|last1=Schlossberg|first1=David|title=Clinical infectious disease|date=2015|isbn=9781107038912|page=202|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=meFwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> [[Haemophilus influenzae|H. influenza]] was the most common culprit of [[epiglottitis]]. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
One remarkable incidence of epiglottitis has been traced to George Washington; the first president of the United States on December 13, 1799. He was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice. At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress and died few hours later of what was known to be due to acute epiglottitis.[1][2][3] In the 1980s Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,[4] epiglottitis used to be mostly found in pediatric age group between 3 to 5 years. However, recent trend in north America favors adults as most commonly affected individuals.[5]
Historical perspective
- On December 13, 1799, George Washington, the United States’ first president, was reported to have had sore throat and hoarseness of voice.
- At dawn the next day, his conditioned worsened with difficulty in breathing. Few hours later he was found to have respiratory distress.
- The physicians who attended to him tried all treatment modalities but were unsuccessful and by 10:20 PM was decleared dead of what was most likely due to bacterial epiglottitis after a review of the signs, symptoms, and clinical course of his fatal illness. It is likely that if he had lived in recent times, the sequela would have been different.[1][2][3]
- Before 1960, acute epiglottitis was classified under several headings.[6]
- In the 1980s Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine was introduced. Prior to this,[4] H. influenza was the most common culprit of epiglottitis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Scheidemandel HH (1976). "Did George Washington die of quinsy?". Arch Otolaryngol. 102 (9): 519–21. PMID 786230.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cohen B (2005). "The death of George Washington (1732-99) and the history of cynanche". J Med Biogr. 13 (4): 225–31. PMID 16244717.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cheatham ML (2008). "The death of George Washington: an end to the controversy?". Am Surg. 74 (8): 770–4. PMID 18705585.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schlossberg, David (2015). Clinical infectious disease (Second ed.). p. 202. ISBN 9781107038912.
- ↑ Lichtor JL, Roche Rodriguez M, Aaronson NL, Spock T, Goodman TR, Baum ED (2016). "Epiglottitis: It Hasn't Gone Away". Anesthesiology. 124 (6): 1404–7. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001125. PMID 27031010.
- ↑ Wurtele P (1992). "Acute epiglottitis: historical highlights and perspectives for future research". J Otolaryngol. 21 Suppl 2: 1–15. PMID 1613842.