Rhinitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
Ocular findings | |||
* BIlateral conjunctival injection, with corneal involvement in severe cases of coexisting allergic eye disease(atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. | |||
* Rubbing of the eyes, irritability and lacrimation | |||
* Periorbital edema | |||
Nasal findings | |||
* Rhinorrhea | |||
* Swollen turbinates | |||
* Pale/bluish mucosa can be seen in allergic rhinitis | |||
* Pale/erythematous mucosa can be seen in different types of nonallergic rhinitis | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:04, 23 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
The examination of a patient with rhinitis should include an examination of the nose and the nasal cavity, and assessment for possible comorbidities and complications. The physical examination of a patient with rhinitis may reveal the following:[1][2]
General Appearance
- Rhinorrhea may be seen
- Mouth breathing from nasal congestion
- Sniffing
- Allergic shiners- dark eye shadows beneath the lower eye lid due to blood/fluid accumulation in the infraorbital groove as a result of congestion of the nose/sinuses. It is commonly seen in childhood allergic rhinitis, and the degree of darkness is associated with the chronicity and severity of disease. It can also be seen in nonallergic rhinitis.
- Dennie–Morgan lines- These are wrinkles/ extra skin fold underneath the lower eyelids. It is seen in children with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis.
- Allergic salute- A habitual gesture of rubbing the nose upward because of nasal discomfort and pruritus. It sometimes produces a persistent horizontal crease across the nose.
{{#ev:youtube|Jfd04SBQjmk}}
HEENT
Ocular findings
- BIlateral conjunctival injection, with corneal involvement in severe cases of coexisting allergic eye disease(atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
- Rubbing of the eyes, irritability and lacrimation
- Periorbital edema
Nasal findings
- Rhinorrhea
- Swollen turbinates
- Pale/bluish mucosa can be seen in allergic rhinitis
- Pale/erythematous mucosa can be seen in different types of nonallergic rhinitis
References
- ↑ Rotiroti, Giuseppina; Scadding, Glenis (July 2016). "Allergic Rhinitis-an overview of a common disease". Paediatrics and Child Health. Volume 26 (Issue 7): 298–303. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
- ↑ Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL (2010). "Rhinitis and sinusitis". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S103–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989. PMID 20176255.