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*Mental retardation | *Mental retardation | ||
*Gastroesophageal reflux disease | *Gastroesophageal reflux disease | ||
==Causes== | |||
'''Common causes''' | |||
*Dental/peridental infections | |||
*Paranasal sinuses | |||
*Alcoholism | |||
*Seuizre disorder | |||
*Patients on artificial ventilation | |||
*patients with tracheoastmy tube | |||
*Intubated patients | |||
*infective endocarditis | |||
*Abdominal sepsis | |||
*IV drug abuse | |||
*Septic thromboembolism | |||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Gingivo-dental sepsis ,Dental/peridental infections | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Paranasal sinusitis | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Endocrine''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Diabetis Mellitus | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Environmental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| GERD,Gastro and esophageal surgeries, | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Genetic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Hematologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Abdominal Sepsis,Infective endocarditis;HIV-AIDS | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Neurologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Seizure disorder,Coma,altered level of consciousness | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Oncologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bronchiectasis;Cystic fibrosis;Bullous emphysema;Bronchial obstruction by tumor, foreign body or | |||
enlarged lymph nodes;Congenital malformations (pulmonary sequestration, | |||
vasculitis, cystitis);Infected pulmonary infarcts;Pulmonary contusion;Broncho-oesophageal fistula. | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Immunosuppresents ,corticosteroid therapy | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Sexual''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Trauma''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Urologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Revision as of 19:04, 23 January 2017
Classification
Based on duration
- Acute : If symptoms are present for less than 6 weeks before presenting to medical care.[1]
- Chronic : If symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks
Based on Etiology
Primary[2] : When Abscess develops among patients who were healthy previously or with high risk factors such as those prone for aspiration
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
- Immunodeficiency conditions like HIV
- Necrotizing pneumonitis
Secondary : When abscess develops among patients with an underlying lung abnormality
- Bronchial obstruction
- Hematogenic dissemination
- Infection spread from mediastinum
- Coexisting Lung Diseases
Based on mode of spread
Bronchiogenic
- Aspiration of Oropharyngeal secretions
- Bronchial obstruction by Tumor
- Foreign body, Congenital Malformations and Enlarged LymphNodes
Hematogenic
- Infective endocarditis
- Abdominal Sepsis
- Septic Thromboembolism
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of lung abscess are
Common Risk Factors
- Alcoholism
- Seizer disorder
- Artificial ventilation
- Coma
- Neuromuscular disorders with bulbar dysfunction
- Nocturnal Aspiration /Inability to cough
- Bronchial obstruction
- Gingivo-dental sepsis
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Immunosuppression
Less Common Risk factors
- Drug abuse
- Malnutrition
- Mental retardation
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Causes
Common causes
- Dental/peridental infections
- Paranasal sinuses
- Alcoholism
- Seuizre disorder
- Patients on artificial ventilation
- patients with tracheoastmy tube
- Intubated patients
- infective endocarditis
- Abdominal sepsis
- IV drug abuse
- Septic thromboembolism
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | Gingivo-dental sepsis ,Dental/peridental infections |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Paranasal sinusitis |
| Endocrine | Diabetis Mellitus |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | GERD,Gastro and esophageal surgeries, |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Abdominal Sepsis,Infective endocarditis;HIV-AIDS |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Seizure disorder,Coma,altered level of consciousness |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Bronchiectasis;Cystic fibrosis;Bullous emphysema;Bronchial obstruction by tumor, foreign body or
enlarged lymph nodes;Congenital malformations (pulmonary sequestration, vasculitis, cystitis);Infected pulmonary infarcts;Pulmonary contusion;Broncho-oesophageal fistula. |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Immunosuppresents ,corticosteroid therapy |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
- ↑ Puligandla PS, Laberge JM (2008). "Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema". Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 17 (1): 42–52. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007. PMID 18158141.
- ↑ Wali SO (2012). "An update on the drainage of pyogenic lung abscesses". Ann Thorac Med. 7 (1): 3–7. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.91552. PMC 3277038. PMID 22347342.