Septic arthritis causes: Difference between revisions
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Septic arthritis is due to intra articular seeding of living microorganisms.<ref name="pmid8412643">Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8412643 Polyarticular septic arthritis.] ''Medicine (Baltimore)'' 72 (5):296-310. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8412643 8412643]</ref> The most common etiological agent of all nongonococcal causes of septic arthritis in the United States is Staphylococcus aureus.<ref name="pmid2283490">Deesomchok U, Tumrasvin T (1990) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2283490 Clinical study of culture-proven cases of non-gonococcal arthritis.] ''J Med Assoc Thai'' 73 (11):615-23. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/2283490 2283490]</ref> | Septic arthritis is due to intra articular seeding of living microorganisms.<ref name="pmid8412643">Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8412643 Polyarticular septic arthritis.] ''Medicine (Baltimore)'' 72 (5):296-310. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8412643 8412643]</ref> The most common etiological agent of all nongonococcal causes of septic arthritis in the United States is Staphylococcus aureus.<ref name="pmid2283490">Deesomchok U, Tumrasvin T (1990) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2283490 Clinical study of culture-proven cases of non-gonococcal arthritis.] ''J Med Assoc Thai'' 73 (11):615-23. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/2283490 2283490]</ref> | ||
Common organisms | Common organisms | ||
* Staphylococcus aureus | * Staphylococcus aureus | ||
* Streptococcal pyogenous | * Streptococcal pyogenous | ||
* Streptococcal agalectae | |||
* Streptococcal pneumonia | * Streptococcal pneumonia | ||
* [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] | |||
* Escherichia coli | * Escherichia coli | ||
* Staphylococcus epidermidis | * Staphylococcus epidermidis | ||
* Borrelia burgdorferi | * Borrelia burgdorferi | ||
* [[Brucella]] | |||
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]] | |||
* [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] | |||
* [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | |||
* [[Salmonella]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
Revision as of 21:06, 24 January 2017
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Septic arthritis Microchapters |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Septic arthritis causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Septic arthritis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Septic arthritis develops when bacteria or other tiny disease-causing organisms (microorganisms) spread through the bloodstream to a joint. It may also occur when the joint is directly infected with a microorganism from an injury or during surgery. The most common sites for this type of infection are the knee and hip. Most cases of acute septic arthritis are caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus or streptococcus. Chronic septic arthritis (which is less common) is caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans.Gram-negative bacilli account for 10 to 20% of septic arthritis causes.[1] ~10% of patients with nongonococcal septic arthritis are due to polymicrobial cause of infections. Anaerobes are also can cause septic arthritis in few cases.
Causes
Gram-negative bacilli account for 10 to 20% of septic arthritis causes.[1] ~10% of patients with nongonococcal septic arthritis are due to polymicrobial cause of infections. Anaerobes are also can cause septic arthritis in few cases. Most common cause of septic arthritis in children age < 2 years are Haemophilus influenzae (in immunized children), Staph. aureus, group A Streptococcal infections and Kingella kingae.[2] The source of infection in most of the cases (~50%) often from the skin, lungs or bladder.
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Brucella [3]
- Escherichia coli
- Haemophilus influenzae [4]
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis [3]
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae [5]
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa [6]
- Salmonella [3]
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococci [5]
Septic arthritis is due to intra articular seeding of living microorganisms.[7] The most common etiological agent of all nongonococcal causes of septic arthritis in the United States is Staphylococcus aureus.[1]
Common organisms
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcal pyogenous
- Streptococcal agalectae
- Streptococcal pneumonia
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Brucella
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Salmonella
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Deesomchok U, Tumrasvin T (1990) Clinical study of culture-proven cases of non-gonococcal arthritis. J Med Assoc Thai 73 (11):615-23. PMID: 2283490
- ↑ Yagupsky P, Bar-Ziv Y, Howard CB, Dagan R (1995) Epidemiology, etiology, and clinical features of septic arthritis in children younger than 24 months. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 149 (5):537-40. PMID: 7735407
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 O'Callaghan C, Axford JS (2004). Medicine (2nd ed. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-05162-0.
- ↑ Bowerman SG, Green NE, Mencio GA (1997). "Decline of bone and joint infections attributable to haemophilus influenzae type b". Clin Orthop Relat Res. (341): 128–33. PMID 9269165. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
Peltola H, Kallio MJ, Unkila-Kallio L (1998). "Reduced incidence of septic arthritis in children by Haemophilus influenzae type-b vaccination. Implications for treatment". J Bone Joint Surg Br. 80 (3): 471–3. PMID 9619939. Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kaandorp CJ, Dinant HJ, van de Laar MA, Moens HJ, Prins AP, Dijkmans BA (1997). "Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey". Ann Rheum Dis. 56 (8): 470–5. PMC 1752430. PMID 9306869. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
Weston VC, Jones AC, Bradbury N, Fawthrop F, Doherty M (1999). "Clinical features and outcome of septic arthritis in a single UK Health District 1982-1991". Ann Rheum Dis. 58 (4): 214–9. PMC 1752863. PMID 10364899. Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Topics in Infectious Diseases Newsletter, August 2001, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- ↑ Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) Polyarticular septic arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 72 (5):296-310. PMID: 8412643