Scabies: Difference between revisions
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===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
===Laboratory Findings=== | ===Laboratory Findings=== | ||
*Peripheral [[IgE]] levels are elevated in patients with Norwegian Scabies.<ref name="pmid15907543">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roberts LJ, Huffam SE, Walton SF, Currie BJ |title=Crusted scabies: clinical and immunological findings in seventy-eight patients and a review of the literature |journal=J. Infect. |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=375–81 |year=2005 |pmid=15907543 |doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2004.08.033 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14989349">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Estes SA, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, Currie BJ |title=Circulating IgE in patients with ordinary and crusted scabies |journal=J. Med. Entomol. |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=74–7 |year=2004 |pmid=14989349 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Revision as of 16:12, 25 January 2017
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Sarcoptes scabiei.
For patient information click here
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Norwegian scabies
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Microscopic Pathology
The histopathology of scabies consists of mites being surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes.[1][2][3]
Causes
Differentiating Scabies from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology
Demographics
Age
Race
Risk Factors
The following are believed to be risk factors for scabies:[4][1][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- Living in high-risk areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and indigenous communities in Australia and New Zealand
- Living in crowded areas
- Homeless or displaced children
- Poor hygiene: the role of poor hygiene in the development of scabies is uncertain, as mites burrowed under the skin remain alive even after daily hot baths and are usually resistant to water and soap
- Immunocompromised individuals, such as the elderly, malnourished and those with HIV, DM are at risk of developing Norwegian Scabies, which is the severe form
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Major complications of scabies include:[4][1][11]
- Secondary bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissue, caused mainly by S. aureus and S. pyogenes, which include:
- Secondary bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissue can progress to life-threatening complications such as:
Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Heukelbach J, Feldmeier H (2006). "Scabies". Lancet. 367 (9524): 1767–74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68772-2. PMID 16731272.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Roberts LJ, Huffam SE, Walton SF, Currie BJ (2005). "Crusted scabies: clinical and immunological findings in seventy-eight patients and a review of the literature". J. Infect. 50 (5): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2004.08.033. PMID 15907543.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Arlian LG, Morgan MS, Estes SA, Walton SF, Kemp DJ, Currie BJ (2004). "Circulating IgE in patients with ordinary and crusted scabies". J. Med. Entomol. 41 (1): 74–7. PMID 14989349.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Romani L, Steer AC, Whitfeld MJ, Kaldor JM (2015). "Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review". Lancet Infect Dis. 15 (8): 960–7. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00132-2. PMID 26088526.
- ↑ Kristensen JK (1991). "Scabies and Pyoderma in Lilongwe, Malawi. Prevalence and seasonal fluctuation". Int. J. Dermatol. 30 (10): 699–702. PMID 1955222.
- ↑ Estrada B (2003). "Ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children". Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 14 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1053/spid.2003.127213. PMID 12748918.
- ↑ Currie BJ, Connors CM, Krause VL (1994). "Scabies programs in aboriginal communities". Med. J. Aust. 161 (10): 636–7. PMID 7968739.
- ↑ Terry BC, Kanjah F, Sahr F, Kortequee S, Dukulay I, Gbakima AA (2001). "Sarcoptes scabiei infestation among children in a displacement camp in Sierra Leone". Public Health. 115 (3): 208–11. doi:10.1038/sj/ph/1900748. PMID 11429717.
- ↑ Andrews JR, Tonkin SL (1989). "Scabies and pediculosis in Tokelau Island children in New Zealand". J R Soc Health. 109 (6): 199–203. PMID 2513405.
- ↑ Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Winter B, Feldmeier H (2005). "Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil". Br. J. Dermatol. 153 (1): 150–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06591.x. PMID 16029341.
- ↑ Engelman D, Kiang K, Chosidow O, McCarthy J, Fuller C, Lammie P, Hay R, Steer A (2013). "Toward the global control of human scabies: introducing the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7 (8): e2167. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002167. PMC 3738445. PMID 23951369.