Fungal meningitis causes: Difference between revisions
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===Less common causes=== | ===Less common causes=== | ||
Fungal meningitis | There are some rare causes of fungal meningitis. Some specific historical feature usually surround the outbreak of raare causes of fungal meningitis. For example, outbreaks of fungal meningitis in 2002 with Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis and more recently in 2012 with Exserohilum rostratum were associated with contamination of compounded corticosteroids with resultant severe complications.<ref name="pmid12532960">{{cite journal| author=| title=From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002. | journal=JAMA | year= 2003 | volume= 289 | issue= 3 | pages= 291-3 | pmid=12532960 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12532960 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23252499">{{cite journal| author=Smith RM, Schaefer MK, Kainer MA, Wise M, Finks J, Duwve J et al.| title=Fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2013 | volume= 369 | issue= 17 | pages= 1598-609 | pmid=23252499 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1213978 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23252499 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23465119">{{cite journal| author=Pettit AC, Pugh ME| title=Index case for the fungal meningitis outbreak, United States. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2013 | volume= 368 | issue= 10 | pages= 970 | pmid=23465119 | doi=10.1056/NEJMc1300630 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23465119 }} </ref> | ||
Some of the rare causes include the following:<ref>Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.</ref><ref name="pmid11158158">{{cite journal| author=Chin-Hong PV, Sutton DA, Roemer M, Jacobson MA, Aberg JA| title=Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 2001 | volume= 39 | issue= 2 | pages= 804-7 | pmid=11158158 | doi=10.1128/JCM.39.2.804-807.2001 | pmc=87827 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11158158 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9495679">{{cite journal| author=Villanueva JL, Cordero E, Caballero-Granado FJ, Regordan C, Becerril B, Pachón J| title=Pneumocystis carinii meningoradiculitis in a patient with AIDS. | journal=Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 16 | issue= 12 | pages= 940-2 | pmid=9495679 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9495679 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9629775">{{cite journal| author=Baena Luna MR, Muñoz García J, Grancha Bertolín L, Sanz García M| title=[Presence of Pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]. | journal=An Med Interna | year= 1998 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 265-6 | pmid=9629775 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9629775 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7185917">{{cite journal| author=Melo JC, Srinivasan S, Scott ML, Raff MJ| title=Cryptococcus albidus meningitis. | journal=J Infect | year= 1980 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=7185917 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7185917 }} </ref> | |||
*''Xylohypha'' (formerly ''[[Cladosporium]]'') ''trichoides'' and other dark-walled (demateaceous) fungi such as ''[[Curvularia]]'' and '' Drechslera'' | *''Xylohypha'' (formerly ''[[Cladosporium]]'') ''trichoides'' and other dark-walled (demateaceous) fungi such as ''[[Curvularia]]'' and '' Drechslera'' | ||
Revision as of 17:57, 3 February 2017
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Fungal meningitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Fungal meningitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fungal meningitis causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Fungal meningitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby; Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Fungal meningitis is initially caused by the inhalation of airborne fungal spores. The pulmonary infection is usually self limiting and can be asymptomatic. The most common cause of fungal infection is cryptococcus neoformans which is usually found in soil and bird excreta.[1]
Causes
Life-Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Fungal meningitis is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.
Most common cause
The most common cause of fungal meningitis is:[2][3][4]
Common causes
Common causes of fungal meningitis include:[5][6][7][4][8]
- Aspergillus sp.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides immitis
- Candida spp.
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Sporothrix schenckii
Less common causes
There are some rare causes of fungal meningitis. Some specific historical feature usually surround the outbreak of raare causes of fungal meningitis. For example, outbreaks of fungal meningitis in 2002 with Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis and more recently in 2012 with Exserohilum rostratum were associated with contamination of compounded corticosteroids with resultant severe complications.[9][10][11]
Some of the rare causes include the following:[12][13][14][15][16]
- Xylohypha (formerly Cladosporium) trichoides and other dark-walled (demateaceous) fungi such as Curvularia and Drechslera
- Mucor
- Pseudoallescheria boydii (after water aspiration)
- Arthrographis kalrae
- Pneumocystis jirovecii[14][15]
- Cryptococcus albidus[16]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Arthrographis kalrae, Aspergillus spp, Blastomyces spp, Candida spp, Cladosporium, Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus gattii infection, Cryptococcus neoformans, Exserohilum, Fungal eye infections, Histoplasma capsulatum, Histoplasmosis, Mucormycosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pseudoallescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii, Xylohypha (formerly cladosporium) |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabethical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
2References
- ↑ Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
- ↑ Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
- ↑ Williamson PR, Jarvis JN, Panackal AA, Fisher MC, Molloy SF, Loyse A; et al. (2017). "Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis and therapy". Nat Rev Neurol. 13 (1): 13–24. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.167. PMID 27886201.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR (2000). "Fungal meningitis". Semin Neurol. 20 (3): 307–22. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9394. PMID 11051295.
- ↑ Chiller TM, Galgiani JN, Stevens DA (2003). "Coccidioidomycosis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 17 (1): 41–57, viii. PMID 12751260.
- ↑ Singh N, Husain S (2000). "Infections of the central nervous system in transplant recipients". Transpl Infect Dis. 2 (3): 101–11. PMID 11429020.
- ↑ Rosenstein NE, Emery KW, Werner SB, Kao A, Johnson R, Rogers D; et al. (2001). "Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995-1996". Clin Infect Dis. 32 (5): 708–15. doi:10.1086/319203. PMID 11229838.
- ↑ del Brutto OH (2000). "[Central nervous system mycotic infections]". Rev Neurol. 30 (5): 447–59. PMID 10775973.
- ↑ "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002". JAMA. 289 (3): 291–3. 2003. PMID 12532960.
- ↑ Smith RM, Schaefer MK, Kainer MA, Wise M, Finks J, Duwve J; et al. (2013). "Fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections". N Engl J Med. 369 (17): 1598–609. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1213978. PMID 23252499.
- ↑ Pettit AC, Pugh ME (2013). "Index case for the fungal meningitis outbreak, United States". N Engl J Med. 368 (10): 970. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1300630. PMID 23465119.
- ↑ Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
- ↑ Chin-Hong PV, Sutton DA, Roemer M, Jacobson MA, Aberg JA (2001). "Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS". J Clin Microbiol. 39 (2): 804–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.2.804-807.2001. PMC 87827. PMID 11158158.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Villanueva JL, Cordero E, Caballero-Granado FJ, Regordan C, Becerril B, Pachón J (1997). "Pneumocystis carinii meningoradiculitis in a patient with AIDS". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 16 (12): 940–2. PMID 9495679.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Baena Luna MR, Muñoz García J, Grancha Bertolín L, Sanz García M (1998). "[Presence of Pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]". An Med Interna. 15 (5): 265–6. PMID 9629775.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Melo JC, Srinivasan S, Scott ML, Raff MJ (1980). "Cryptococcus albidus meningitis". J Infect. 2 (1): 79–82. PMID 7185917.