Secondary peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions
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* Post-surgical complications | * Post-surgical complications | ||
===Causes by Source=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Infected Secondary Peritonitis}} | |||
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Non-infected Secondary Peritonitis}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 40%;" | Perforation of a hollow viscus organ | |||
! style="width: 20%;" |Disruption of the peritoneum | |||
!Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum | |||
!Sterile abdominal surgery | |||
!Rarer non-infectious causes | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | '''''Perforation of a hollow viscus''''' (most common cause of peritonitis) | |||
* Perforation of the [[Esophagus|distal esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]])<br /> | |||
* Perforation of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]])<br /> | |||
* Perforation of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]])<br /> | |||
* Perforations of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[Appendicitis]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], [[Intestinal infarction]], [[Intestinal strangulation]], [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Meconium peritonitis]])<br /> | |||
*Perforation of the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystitis]])<br /> | |||
'''Other possible causes for perforation''' | |||
* [[Trauma]] <br /> | |||
* Ingestion of a sharp [[foreign body]] (such as a fish bone) <br /> | |||
* Perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]] | |||
''' Most common organisms''' | |||
-mixed [[bacteria]] | |||
*[[Gram-negative bacilli]] (e.g. [[Escherichia coli]]), [[Anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. [[Bacteroides fragilis]]) | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
* [[Trauma]]<br /> | |||
* [[Surgical wound]]<br /> | |||
* [[Peritoneal dialysis]]<br /> | |||
* [[Chemotherapy]]<br /> | |||
''' Most common organisms''' | |||
* Mixed [[bacteria]] <br /> | |||
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]] <br /> | |||
* [[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] <br /> | |||
* [[Fungi]] such as [[Candida]] | |||
|valign=top| | |||
'''''Sterile body fluids''''' such as | |||
* [[Blood]](e.g.[[Endometriosis]], Blunt abdominal trauma), | |||
* [[Gastric juice]] (e.g.[[Peptic ulcer]], [[Gastric carcinoma]]), | |||
* [[Bile]] (e.g. [[Liver biopsy]]), | |||
* [[Urine]] (e.g. [[Pelvic trauma]]), | |||
* [[Menstruum]] (e.g. [[salpingitis]]), | |||
* [[Pancreatic juice]] ([[pancreatitis]]), | |||
These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. | |||
|valign=top| | |||
Due to [[sterile]] [[foreign body]] inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. [[gauze]], [[sponge]]) | |||
|valign=top| | |||
* [[Familial Mediterranean fever]] | |||
* [[Porphyria]] | |||
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
|} | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" width="75%" | {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" width="75%" | ||
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* Escherichia coli | * Escherichia coli | ||
* Klebsielia pneumoniae | * Klebsielia pneumoniae | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 23:46, 4 February 2017
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Secondary Peritonitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Secondary peritonitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Secondary peritonitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Secondary peritonitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Secondary peritonitis has numerous causes. Nonbacterial causes of peritonitis include leakage of blood into the peritoneal cavity due to rupture of a tubal pregnancy, ovarian cyst, or aneurysmal vessel.
Causes
Life-Threatening Causes
Common causes
Common causes of secondary peritonitis include:[1][2]
- Perforated PUD
- Appendicitis
- Diverticulitis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Post-surgical complications
Causes by Source
| Infected Secondary Peritonitis | Non-infected Secondary Peritonitis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perforation of a hollow viscus organ | Disruption of the peritoneum | Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum | Sterile abdominal surgery | Rarer non-infectious causes |
Perforation of a hollow viscus (most common cause of peritonitis)
Other possible causes for perforation
Most common organisms -mixed bacteria |
Most common organisms |
Sterile body fluids such as
These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h. |
Due to sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. gauze, sponge) |
|
Causes by Organ System
| Cause of Peforation | Most likely organism |
|---|---|
| Nonperforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Acute appendicitis |
|
| Loculated perforation of
gastric ulcer |
|
| Post operative
gastric ulcer perforation |
|
| Loculated perforation of
umbilical hernia |
|
| Colonic ulcer |
|
| Loculated perforation of
colonic polypectomy |
|
| Colonic ulcer |
|
| Infected
pancreaticpseudocyst |
|
| Postoperative
in general |
|
| Perforation secondary peritonitis | |
| Perforated gastric ulcer |
|
| Perforated duodenal ulcer |
|
| Perforated bowel |
|
| Perforated gallbladder |
|
References
- ↑ Akriviadis EA, Runyon BA (1990). "Utility of an algorithm in differentiating spontaneous from secondary bacterial peritonitis". Gastroenterology. 98 (1): 127–33. PMID 2293571.
- ↑ Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O'Dair GN, Leaper DJ (2005). "Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD004539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004539.pub2. PMID 15846719.