Lung abscess classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Lung abscess can be classified into three types based on duration of symptoms, | Lung abscess can be classified into three types based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as follows: | ||
===Based on duration of symptoms=== | ===Based on duration of symptoms=== | ||
*'''Acute:''' If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | *'''Acute:''' If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''Chronic:''' If the symptoms | *'''Chronic:''' If the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks. | ||
===Based on Etiology=== | ===Based on Etiology=== | ||
*'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | *'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration. <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | ||
*'''Secondary:''' Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor , foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on | *'''Secondary:''' Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor , foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. | ||
=== Based on mode of spread === | === Based on mode of spread === | ||
'''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | '''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions | *Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions | ||
*Bronchial obstruction by tumor | *Bronchial obstruction by a tumor. | ||
*Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes | *Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes. | ||
'''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites | '''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites | ||
*Infective endocarditis | *Infective endocarditis. | ||
*Abdominal sepsis | *Abdominal sepsis. | ||
*Septic thromboembolism | *Septic thromboembolism. | ||
== Reference == | == Reference == | ||
Revision as of 13:05, 7 February 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Classification
Lung abscess can be classified into three types based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as follows:
Based on duration of symptoms
- Acute: If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.[1]
- Chronic: If the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks.
Based on Etiology
- Primary: When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration. [2]
- Secondary: Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor , foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Based on mode of spread
Bronchiogenic: Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.[1]
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
- Bronchial obstruction by a tumor.
- Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Hematogenic: Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites
- Infective endocarditis.
- Abdominal sepsis.
- Septic thromboembolism.
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Puligandla PS, Laberge JM (2008). "Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema". Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 17 (1): 42–52. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007. PMID 18158141.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.