Mastitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of mastitis occurs in women who are breastfeeding, especially if they have sore or cracked nipples or have had mastitis previously. | The most potent risk factor in the development of mastitis occurs in women who are [[breastfeeding]], especially if they have [[sore]] or cracked [[nipples]] or have had mastitis previously. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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Other common risk factors of mastitis include: | Other common risk factors of mastitis include: | ||
*Previous history of mastitis while breastfeeding<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *Previous history of mastitis while [[breastfeeding]]<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Infrequent feedings<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *Infrequent feedings<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Nipple excoriation or cracking<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *Nipple excoriation or cracking<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Rapid weaning | *Rapid [[weaning]] | ||
*Illness in mother or baby<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *Illness in mother or baby<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Maternal stress or excessive fatigue<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *[[Maternal]] stress or excessive [[fatigue]]<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Maternal [[malnutrition]]<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *[[Maternal]] [[malnutrition]]<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Women who use only one position to breastfeed<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | *Women who use only one position to breastfeed<ref name=mastitis> Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.</ref> | ||
*Wearing a tight-fitting bra which may restrict milk flow | *Wearing a tight-fitting bra which may restrict [[milk]] flow | ||
*Women with chronic medical conditions, such as [[diabetes]], [[chronic illness]], [[AIDS]], or an impaired immune system, may be more susceptible to the development of mastitis | *Women with chronic medical conditions, such as [[diabetes]], [[chronic illness]], [[AIDS]], or an impaired [[immune system]], may be more susceptible to the development of mastitis | ||
*Nipple piercings pose a risk due to bacterial infection following the injury and hormonal stimulation by the piercing<ref name="pmid21876102">{{cite journal| author=Leibman AJ, Misra M, Castaldi M| title=Breast abscess after nipple piercing: sonographic findings with clinical correlation. | journal=J Ultrasound Med | year= 2011 | volume= 30 | issue= 9 | pages= 1303-8 | pmid=21876102 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21876102}}</ref> | *Nipple piercings pose a risk due to [[Bacteria|bacterial]] [[infection]] following the injury and [[Hormone|hormonal]] stimulation by the piercing<ref name="pmid21876102">{{cite journal| author=Leibman AJ, Misra M, Castaldi M| title=Breast abscess after nipple piercing: sonographic findings with clinical correlation. | journal=J Ultrasound Med | year= 2011 | volume= 30 | issue= 9 | pages= 1303-8 | pmid=21876102 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21876102}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:35, 8 March 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of mastitis occurs in women who are breastfeeding, especially if they have sore or cracked nipples or have had mastitis previously.
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of mastitis occurs in women who are breastfeeding.
Other common risk factors of mastitis include:
- Previous history of mastitis while breastfeeding[1]
- Infrequent feedings[1]
- Nipple excoriation or cracking[1]
- Rapid weaning
- Illness in mother or baby[1]
- Maternal stress or excessive fatigue[1]
- Maternal malnutrition[1]
- Women who use only one position to breastfeed[1]
- Wearing a tight-fitting bra which may restrict milk flow
- Women with chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, chronic illness, AIDS, or an impaired immune system, may be more susceptible to the development of mastitis
- Nipple piercings pose a risk due to bacterial infection following the injury and hormonal stimulation by the piercing[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Mastitis: causes and management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_FCH_CAH_00.13.pdf.
- ↑ Leibman AJ, Misra M, Castaldi M (2011). "Breast abscess after nipple piercing: sonographic findings with clinical correlation". J Ultrasound Med. 30 (9): 1303–8. PMID 21876102.