Lung abscess classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Lung abscess is defined as an infection of lung resulting in necrosis of lung parenchyma. It can be classified into three categories based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as acute or chronic, primary or secondary and bronchogenic or hematogenic. | Lung abscess is defined as an [[infection]] of [[lung]] resulting in [[necrosis]] of lung [[parenchyma]]. It can be classified into three categories based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as acute or chronic, primary or secondary and bronchogenic or hematogenic. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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===Based on Etiology=== | ===Based on Etiology=== | ||
*'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration. <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | *'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to [[aspiration]]. <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | ||
*'''Secondary:''' Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process ([[Lung cancer|bronchial obstruction due to tumor]], [[Foreign body in respiratory tract|foreign body]] or [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymphnodes]]) and systemic process resulting in [[Immune response|decreased immune response]] like [[HIV AIDS|HIV,]] and patients on [[immunosuppressants]] and [[corticosteroids]]. | *'''Secondary:''' [[Abscess]] formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing [[lung]] [[disease]] such as post obstructive process ([[Lung cancer|bronchial obstruction due to tumor]], [[Foreign body in respiratory tract|foreign body]] or [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymphnodes]]) and systemic process resulting in [[Immune response|decreased immune response]] like [[HIV AIDS|HIV,]] and patients on [[immunosuppressants]] and [[corticosteroids]]. | ||
=== Based on mode of spread === | === Based on mode of spread === | ||
'''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | '''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and [[inhalation]].<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Aspiration]] of [[Pharynx|oropharyngeal secretions]]. | *[[Aspiration]] of [[Pharynx|oropharyngeal secretions]]. | ||
*[[Bronchial Cancer|Bronchial obstruction by a tumor]]. | *[[Bronchial Cancer|Bronchial obstruction by a tumor]]. | ||
*[[Foreign body in respiratory tract|Foreign body]], [[congenital malformations]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymph nodes]]. | *[[Foreign body in respiratory tract|Foreign body]], [[congenital malformations]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymph nodes]]. | ||
'''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites | '''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other [[infected]] sites | ||
*[[Infective endocarditis]]. | *[[Infective endocarditis]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Abdominal]] [[sepsis]]. | ||
*[[Thromboembolism|Septic thromboembolism]]. | *[[Thromboembolism|Septic thromboembolism]]. | ||
Revision as of 18:28, 5 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Lung abscess is defined as an infection of lung resulting in necrosis of lung parenchyma. It can be classified into three categories based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as acute or chronic, primary or secondary and bronchogenic or hematogenic.
Classification
Based on duration of symptoms
- Acute: If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.[1]
- Chronic: If the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks.
Based on Etiology
- Primary: When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration. [2]
- Secondary: Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor, foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Based on mode of spread
Bronchiogenic: Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.[1]
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions.
- Bronchial obstruction by a tumor.
- Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Hematogenic: Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Puligandla PS, Laberge JM (2008). "Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema". Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 17 (1): 42–52. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007. PMID 18158141.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.