Ischemic colitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.

Causes

Ischemic colitis is often classified according to the underlying cause. Non-occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels supplying blood to the colon; occlusive ischemia indicates that a blood clot or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the colon. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.

Non-occlusive Ischemia

• In hemodynamically unstable patients (i.e. shock patients) the mesenteric perfusion may be compromised.

Occlusive Ischemia

Occlusive ischemia is due to either:

• Obstructive atherosclerotic disease

• Superior mesenteric artery occlusion

• Thromboembolism:

• Most commonly the embolism is due to atrial fibrillation
• Valvular heart disease including endocarditis
• Myocardial infarction
• Cardiomyopathy

• Hernia
• Tumor

Drugs

• Alosetron
• Cilansetron
• Interferon alfacon-1
• Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
• Ramosetron
• Vasopressors
• Ergotamine

References

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