Actinomycosis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
'''''Actinomyces''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Gram-positive]] [[bacterium|bacteria]]. Some species are [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic]], while others are [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]] . ''Actinomyces'' species do not form [[spore]]s, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, morphologically ''Actinomyces'' colonies form [[fungus]]-like branched networks of [[hypha|hyphae]]. Many ''Actinomyces'' species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the [[oral cavity]]. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause [[actinomycosis]], a disease characterized by the formation of [[abscess]]es in the mouth, lungs, or the [[gastrointestinal tract]].<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Bowden GHW | title = Actinomycosis ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1883 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref><ref name=Holt_1994>{{cite book | author = Holt JG (editor) | title = Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology | edition = 9th ed. | publisher = Williams & Wilkins | year = 1994 | id = ISBN 0-683-00603-7 }}</ref><ref name=Brock_2005>{{cite book | author = Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). | title = Brock Biology of Microorganisms | edition = 11th ed. | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-13-144329-1 }}</ref> | '''''Actinomyces''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Gram-positive]] [[bacterium|bacteria]]. Some species are [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic]], while others are [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]] . ''Actinomyces'' species do not form [[spore]]s, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, morphologically ''Actinomyces'' colonies form [[fungus]]-like branched networks of [[hypha|hyphae]]. Many ''Actinomyces'' species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the [[oral cavity]]. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause [[actinomycosis]], a disease characterized by the formation of [[abscess]]es in the mouth, lungs, or the [[gastrointestinal tract]].<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Bowden GHW | title = Actinomycosis ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1883 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref><ref name=Holt_1994>{{cite book | author = Holt JG (editor) | title = Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology | edition = 9th ed. | publisher = Williams & Wilkins | year = 1994 | id = ISBN 0-683-00603-7 }}</ref><ref name=Brock_2005>{{cite book | author = Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). | title = Brock Biology of Microorganisms | edition = 11th ed. | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-13-144329-1 }}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | |||
Actinomycosis can be classified based on the anatomical site involved into<ref name="pmid25045274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T |title=Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=183–97 |year=2014 |pmid=25045274 |pmc=4094581 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39601 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Orocervicofacial actinomycosis | |||
*Thoracic actinomycosis | |||
*Abdominopelvic actinomycosis | |||
*central nervous system actinomycosis | |||
*Musculoskeletal actinomycosis | |||
*Disseminated actinomycosis | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Actinomycosis (ak-tuh-nuh-my-KOH-sihs), is a rare infectious bacterial disease of humans generally caused by Actinomyces israelii, A. gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus, though the condition is likely to be polymicrobial.Characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or digestive organs, actinomycosis abscesses grow larger as the disease progresses, often over a period of months. In severe cases, the abscesses may penetrate the surrounding bone and muscle to the skin, where they break open and leak large amounts of pus. Actinomycosis occurs in cattle and other animals as a disease called lumpy jaw. This name refers to the large abscesses that grow on the head and neck of the infected animal.
Historical Perspective
Acitnomycosis was first identified in 1877 in cattle by pathologist Otto Bollinger. Later in the year, James Israel discovered it in humans and classified it under fungal origin. In 1939, Bergey classified to be bacteria.
Causes
Actinomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Some species are anaerobic, while others are facultatively anaerobic . Actinomyces species do not form spores, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, morphologically Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae. Many Actinomyces species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the oral cavity. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by the formation of abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract.[1][2][3]
Classification
Actinomycosis can be classified based on the anatomical site involved into[4]
- Orocervicofacial actinomycosis
- Thoracic actinomycosis
- Abdominopelvic actinomycosis
- central nervous system actinomycosis
- Musculoskeletal actinomycosis
- Disseminated actinomycosis
References
- ↑ Bowden GHW (1996). Actinomycosis in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Holt JG (editor) (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed. ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
- ↑ Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed. ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
- ↑ Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T (2014). "Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 183–97. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39601. PMC 4094581. PMID 25045274.
de:Aktinomykose gl:Actinomicose hr:Aktinomikoza nl:Actinomycose sr:Актиномикоза fi:Aktinomykoosi uk:Актиномікоз