Actinomycosis overview: Difference between revisions
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*Musculoskeletal actinomycosis | *Musculoskeletal actinomycosis | ||
*Disseminated actinomycosis | *Disseminated actinomycosis | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Actinomycosis is a chronic pyogenic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species. Infection most frequently follows dental work, trauma, surgery, or other medical conditions. When there is break in the mucosa, anywhere from the mouth to the rectum they reach tissues and cause damage. Incubation period of Actinomycosis varies from one to four weeks. But occasionally, it may be as long as several months. Actinomycosis elicits both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 22 March 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease of humans generally caused by Actinomyces israelii, A. gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus, though the condition is likely to be polymicrobial.Characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or digestive organs, actinomycosis abscesses grow larger as the disease progresses, often over a period of months. In severe cases, the abscesses may penetrate the surrounding bone and muscle to the skin, where they break open and leak large amounts of pus. Actinomycosis occurs in cattle and other animals as a disease called lumpy jaw. This name refers to the large abscesses that grow on the head and neck of the infected animal.
Historical Perspective
Acitnomycosis was first identified in 1877 in cattle by pathologist Otto Bollinger. Later in the year, James Israel discovered it in humans and classified it under fungal origin. In 1939, Bergey classified to be bacteria.
Causes
Actinomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Some species are anaerobic, while others are facultatively anaerobic . Actinomyces species do not form spores, and, while individual bacteria are rod-shaped, morphologically Actinomyces colonies form fungus-like branched networks of hyphae. Many Actinomyces species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the oral cavity. In rare cases, these bacteria can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by the formation of abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract.[1][2][3]
Classification
Actinomycosis can be classified based on the anatomical site involved into[4]
- Orocervicofacial actinomycosis
- Thoracic actinomycosis
- Abdominopelvic actinomycosis
- central nervous system actinomycosis
- Musculoskeletal actinomycosis
- Disseminated actinomycosis
Pathophysiology
Actinomycosis is a chronic pyogenic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species. Infection most frequently follows dental work, trauma, surgery, or other medical conditions. When there is break in the mucosa, anywhere from the mouth to the rectum they reach tissues and cause damage. Incubation period of Actinomycosis varies from one to four weeks. But occasionally, it may be as long as several months. Actinomycosis elicits both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
References
- ↑ Bowden GHW (1996). Actinomycosis in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ↑ Holt JG (editor) (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed. ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
- ↑ Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed. ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
- ↑ Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T (2014). "Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 183–97. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39601. PMC 4094581. PMID 25045274.
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