Pulmonic regurgitation classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Pulmonary valve]] [[regurgitation]] may be classified according to [[pulmonary valve]] [[morphology]] and severity of the disease. According to the [[pulmonary valve]] [[morphology]], it may be classified into primary and secondary or functional regurgitation. Severity of disease may classify into mild, moderate and severe disease. | [[Pulmonary valve]] [[regurgitation]] may be classified according to [[pulmonary valve]] [[morphology]] and severity of the disease. According to the [[pulmonary valve]] [[morphology]], it may be classified into primary and secondary or functional regurgitation. Severity of disease may classify into mild, moderate and severe disease. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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===Based on the Pulmonary Valve Morphology=== | ===Based on the Pulmonary Valve Morphology=== | ||
[[Pulmonary valve]] regurgitation is classified into primary and secondary types based on the involvement of the [[pulmonary valve]] | [[Pulmonary valve]] regurgitation is classified into primary and secondary types based on the involvement of the [[pulmonary valve]] | ||
*'''Primary pulmonary regurgitation''': The [[pulmonary valve]] morphology is affected. Isolated PR is very rare and is most commonly associated with other [[congenital heart diseases]].<ref name="pmid17569817">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi RR, Redington AN| title=Pulmonary regurgitation in congenital heart disease. | journal=Heart | year= 2007 | volume= 93 | issue= 7 | pages= 880-9 | pmid=17569817 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2005.075234 | pmc=1994453 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17569817 }} </ref> | *'''Primary pulmonary regurgitation''': The [[pulmonary valve]] morphology is affected. Isolated PR is very rare and is most commonly associated with other [[congenital heart diseases]].<ref name="pmid17569817">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi RR, Redington AN| title=Pulmonary regurgitation in congenital heart disease. | journal=Heart | year= 2007 | volume= 93 | issue= 7 | pages= 880-9 | pmid=17569817 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2005.075234 | pmc=1994453 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17569817 }} </ref> | ||
*'''Secondary or functional pulmonary regurgitation''': The [[pulmonary valve]] function is normal. Conditions such as [[pulmonary hypertension]] and [[pulmonary artery]] [[aneursym]] cause dilation of the [[valve annulus]] resulting in [[regurgitation]].<ref name="pmid23922549">{{cite journal| author=Di Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Barbera V, Granata A, Otranto G et al.| title=Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: New Challenge for 21st-Century Cardionephrologists. | journal=Cardiorenal Med | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-103 | pmid=23922549 | doi=10.1159/000350952 | pmc=3721135 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23922549 }} </ref> | *'''Secondary or functional pulmonary regurgitation''': The [[pulmonary valve]] function is normal. Conditions such as [[pulmonary hypertension]] and [[pulmonary artery]] [[aneursym]] cause dilation of the [[valve annulus]] resulting in [[regurgitation]].<ref name="pmid23922549">{{cite journal| author=Di Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Barbera V, Granata A, Otranto G et al.| title=Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: New Challenge for 21st-Century Cardionephrologists. | journal=Cardiorenal Med | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-103 | pmid=23922549 | doi=10.1159/000350952 | pmc=3721135 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23922549 }} </ref> | ||
===Based on the Severity=== | ===Based on the Severity=== | ||
[[Pulmonary valve]] [[regurgitation]] is classified into three categories based on the severity into the following:<ref name="pmid20620859">{{cite journal| author=Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K et al.| title=Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 7 | pages= 685-713; quiz 786-8 | pmid=20620859 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20620859 }} </ref> | [[Pulmonary valve]] [[regurgitation]] is classified into three categories based on the severity into the following:<ref name="pmid20620859">{{cite journal| author=Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K et al.| title=Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 2010 | volume= 23 | issue= 7 | pages= 685-713; quiz 786-8 | pmid=20620859 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20620859 }} </ref> | ||
*'''Mild''': | *'''Mild''': normal valve [[morphology]] and usually asymptomatic | ||
*'''Moderate''': | *'''Moderate''': normal to abnormal valve [[morphology]] with mild [[symptoms]] | ||
*'''Severe''': | *'''Severe''': abnormal valve [[morphology]] with significant symptomatology | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 20:01, 14 January 2020
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Pulmonic regurgitation Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2], Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Pulmonary valve regurgitation may be classified according to pulmonary valve morphology and severity of the disease. According to the pulmonary valve morphology, it may be classified into primary and secondary or functional regurgitation. Severity of disease may classify into mild, moderate and severe disease.
Classification
Pulmonary valve regurgitation is classified into the following types based on the morphology of the valve and severity of the disease:
Based on the Pulmonary Valve Morphology
Pulmonary valve regurgitation is classified into primary and secondary types based on the involvement of the pulmonary valve
- Primary pulmonary regurgitation: The pulmonary valve morphology is affected. Isolated PR is very rare and is most commonly associated with other congenital heart diseases.[1]
- Secondary or functional pulmonary regurgitation: The pulmonary valve function is normal. Conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary artery aneursym cause dilation of the valve annulus resulting in regurgitation.[2]
Based on the Severity
Pulmonary valve regurgitation is classified into three categories based on the severity into the following:[3]
- Mild: normal valve morphology and usually asymptomatic
- Moderate: normal to abnormal valve morphology with mild symptoms
- Severe: abnormal valve morphology with significant symptomatology
References
- ↑ Chaturvedi RR, Redington AN (2007). "Pulmonary regurgitation in congenital heart disease". Heart. 93 (7): 880–9. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.075234. PMC 1994453. PMID 17569817.
- ↑ Di Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Barbera V, Granata A, Otranto G; et al. (2013). "Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: New Challenge for 21st-Century Cardionephrologists". Cardiorenal Med. 3 (2): 96–103. doi:10.1159/000350952. PMC 3721135. PMID 23922549.
- ↑ Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K; et al. (2010). "Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography". J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 23 (7): 685–713, quiz 786-8. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010. PMID 20620859.