Cholera secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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In case of suspected [[cholera]] within a community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:<ref name="pmid24379835">{{cite journal| author=Lankarani KB, Alavian SM| title=Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 630-1 | pmid=24379835 | doi= | pmc=3872598 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379835 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11869639">{{cite journal| author=Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P| title=Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2002 | volume= | issue= 1 | pages= CD002847 | pmid=11869639 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11869639 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9203786">{{cite journal| author=Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN| title=Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children. | journal=J Diarrhoeal Dis Res | year= 1996 | volume= 14 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-7 | pmid=9203786 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9203786 }} </ref><ref name="pmid708024">{{cite journal| author=Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A| title=Single-dose doxycycline for cholera. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 1978 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 462-4 | pmid=708024 | doi= | pmc=352482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=708024 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18184631">{{cite journal| author=Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A et al.| title=Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 7638 | pages= 266-8 | pmid=18184631 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE | pmc=2223005 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18184631 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21142691">{{cite journal| author=Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA| title=Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-7 | pmid=21142691 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp1013771 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21142691 }} </ref> | In case of suspected [[cholera]] within a community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:<ref name="pmid24379835">{{cite journal| author=Lankarani KB, Alavian SM| title=Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 630-1 | pmid=24379835 | doi= | pmc=3872598 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379835 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11869639">{{cite journal| author=Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P| title=Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2002 | volume= | issue= 1 | pages= CD002847 | pmid=11869639 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11869639 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9203786">{{cite journal| author=Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN| title=Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children. | journal=J Diarrhoeal Dis Res | year= 1996 | volume= 14 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-7 | pmid=9203786 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9203786 }} </ref><ref name="pmid708024">{{cite journal| author=Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A| title=Single-dose doxycycline for cholera. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 1978 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 462-4 | pmid=708024 | doi= | pmc=352482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=708024 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18184631">{{cite journal| author=Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A et al.| title=Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 7638 | pages= 266-8 | pmid=18184631 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE | pmc=2223005 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18184631 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21142691">{{cite journal| author=Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA| title=Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 364 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-7 | pmid=21142691 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp1013771 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21142691 }} </ref> | ||
* IV fluids (Ringer Lactate is the best, in case of nonavailability of ringer lactate cholera saline or normal saline can be used) | * IV fluids (Ringer Lactate is the best, in case of nonavailability of ringer lactate cholera saline or normal saline can be used) | ||
* Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) | * Oral Rehydration Salt ([[ORS]]) | ||
* Antibiotics ([[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]], [[tetracycline]]) | * Antibiotics ([[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]], [[tetracycline]]) | ||
* Rectal swabs and transport medium (Cary Blair or TCBS) for stool samples | * Rectal swabs and transport medium (Cary Blair or TCBS) for stool samples | ||
Revision as of 21:20, 5 April 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2], Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]
Overview
Secondary prevention of cholera includes prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suspected to have cholera.
Secondary Prevention
In case of suspected cholera within a community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- IV fluids (Ringer Lactate is the best, in case of nonavailability of ringer lactate cholera saline or normal saline can be used)
- Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
- Antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
- Rectal swabs and transport medium (Cary Blair or TCBS) for stool samples
- Zinc supplementation for reduced stool output [6]
- Safe water is needed to rehydrate patients and to wash clothes and instruments
- Chlorine or bleaching powder
- Nasogastric tubes
- Drips
- Soap
References
- ↑ Lankarani KB, Alavian SM (2013). "Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today". J Res Med Sci. 18 (8): 630–1. PMC 3872598. PMID 24379835.
- ↑ Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P (2002). "Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002847. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002847. PMID 11869639.
- ↑ Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN (1996). "Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children". J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 14 (4): 243–7. PMID 9203786.
- ↑ Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A (1978). "Single-dose doxycycline for cholera". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 14 (3): 462–4. PMC 352482. PMID 708024.
- ↑ Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A; et al. (2008). "Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial". BMJ. 336 (7638): 266–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE. PMC 2223005. PMID 18184631.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA (2011). "Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera". N Engl J Med. 364 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1013771. PMID 21142691.