Sandboxmp: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 151: Line 151:
{{familytree/end}}<br>
{{familytree/end}}<br>
===Non-infectious meningitis===
===Non-infectious meningitis===
Systemic illnesses, such as malignancies and connective tissue diseases (e.g. [[sarcoidosis]], [[SLE]], and [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|wegener's]]) may involve meninges in their course and present as chronic meningitis.
Certain drugs may cause meningeal irritation and resemble as meningitis including:
* [[Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs]]
* [[Intravenous immunoglobulin]]
* [[Intrathecal]] agents
* certain antibiotics (eg, [[Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim|trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]])


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==

Revision as of 16:03, 26 April 2017

Meningitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Viral Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes


Etiology Common causes Less common causes
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
  • Dreschlera spp[7]
  • Arthrographis spp[10]
Spirochetal --
Protozoal and Helminthic
Noninfectious conditions


Classification

Meningitis could be classified to two main groups based on etiology:

  • Infectious
  • Non-infectious

Infectious meningitis

Infectious meningitis may be classified as the following algorithm based on chronicity of symptoms.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infectious Meningitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bacterial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fungal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute
 
Chronic
 
Recurrent
 
 
Acute
 
Subacute
 
Chronic
 
 
Recurrent


Non-infectious meningitis

Systemic illnesses, such as malignancies and connective tissue diseases (e.g. sarcoidosis, SLE, and wegener's) may involve meninges in their course and present as chronic meningitis.

Certain drugs may cause meningeal irritation and resemble as meningitis including:

Diagnosis

References

  1. Villanueva JL, Cordero E, Caballero-Granado FJ, Regordan C, Becerril B, Pachón J (1997). "Pneumocystis carinii meningoradiculitis in a patient with AIDS". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 16 (12): 940–2. PMID 9495679.
  2. Baena Luna MR, Muñoz García J, Grancha Bertolín L, Sanz García M (1998). "[Presence of Pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]". An Med Interna. 15 (5): 265–6. PMID 9629775.
  3. Melo JC, Srinivasan S, Scott ML, Raff MJ (1980). "Cryptococcus albidus meningitis". J Infect. 2 (1): 79–82. PMID 7185917.
  4. OHASHI Y (1960). "On a rare disease due to Alternaria tenuis Nees (alternariasis)". Tohoku J Exp Med. 72: 78–82. PMID 13730495.
  5. Shinde RS, Mantur BG, Patil G, Parande MV, Parande AM (2008). "Meningitis due to Rhodotorula glutinis in an HIV infected patient". Indian J Med Microbiol. 26 (4): 375–7. PMID 18974495.
  6. Fincher RM, Fisher JF, Lovell RD, Newman CL, Espinel-Ingroff A, Shadomy HJ (1991). "Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (cephalosporium)". Medicine (Baltimore). 70 (6): 398–409. PMID 1956281.
  7. Fuste FJ, Ajello L, Threlkeld R, Henry JE (1973). "Drechslera hawaiiensis: causative agent of a fatal fungal meningo-encephalitis". Sabouraudia. 11 (1): 59–63. PMID 4739938.
  8. Rosales CM, Jackson MA, Zwick D (2004). "Malassezia furfur meningitis associated with total parenteral nutrition subdural effusion". Pediatr Dev Pathol. 7 (1): 86–90. doi:10.1007/s10024-003-4030-5. PMID 15255040.
  9. Symoens F, Knoop C, Schrooyen M, Denis O, Estenne M, Nolard N; et al. (2006). "Disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a cystic fibrosis patient after double-lung transplantation". J Heart Lung Transplant. 25 (5): 603–7. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2005.12.011. PMID 16678041.
  10. Chin-Hong PV, Sutton DA, Roemer M, Jacobson MA, Aberg JA (2001). "Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS". J Clin Microbiol. 39 (2): 804–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.2.804-807.2001. PMC 87827. PMID 11158158.
  11. Girmenia C, Micozzi A, Venditti M, Meloni G, Iori AP, Bastianello S; et al. (1991). "Fluconazole treatment of Blastoschizomyces capitatus meningitis in an allogeneic bone marrow recipient". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 10 (9): 752–6. PMID 1810730.
  12. Naficy AB, Murray HW (1990). "Isolated meningitis caused by Blastoschizomyces capitatus". J Infect Dis. 161 (5): 1041–2. PMID 2324536.
  13. Kantarcioğlu AS, Hatemi G, Yücel A, De Hoog GS, Mandel NM (2003). "Paecilomyces variotii central nervous system infection in a patient with cancer". Mycoses. 46 (1–2): 45–50. PMID 12588483.
  14. Fagerburg R, Suh B, Buckley HR, Lorber B, Karian J (1981). "Cerebrospinal fluid shunt colonization and obstruction by Paecilomyces variotii. Case report". J Neurosurg. 54 (2): 257–60. doi:10.3171/jns.1981.54.2.0257. PMID 7192726.
  15. Kutleša M, Mlinarić-Missoni E, Hatvani L, Voncina D, Simon S, Lepur D; et al. (2012). "Chronic fungal meningitis caused by Aureobasidium proteae". Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 73 (3): 271–2. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.007. PMID 22504065.
  16. Krcmery V, Mateicka F, Grausova S, Kunova A, Hanzen J (1999). "Invasive infections due to Clavispora lusitaniae". FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 23 (1): 75–8. PMID 10030550.
  17. MOORE M, RUSSELL WO, SACHS E (1946). "Chronic leptomeningitis and ependymitis caused by Ustilago, probably U. zeae (corn smut)". Am J Pathol. 22: 761–77. PMID 20991975.
  18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2002). "Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 51 (49): 1109–12. PMID 12530707.
  19. Pettit AC, Pugh ME (2013). "Index case for the fungal meningitis outbreak, United States". N Engl J Med. 368 (10): 970. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1300630. PMID 23465119.