Oral candidiasis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Uncontrolled diabetes are more likely to get oral thrush, because the extra glucose in saliva acts as a substrate for Candida. High doses of antibiotics or extended use of antibiotics also increases the risk of oral thrush. Antibiotics kill bacterial flora that compete with candida. People with poorly fitting dentures are also more likely to get thrush.

Risk Factors

• Thrush is commonly seen in infants.
• It is not considered abnormal in infants unless it lasts longer than 2 weeks.
• People who have uncontrolled diabetes are more likely to get oral thrush because the extra sugar in saliva acts as a substrate for Candida.
• High doses of antibiotics or extended use of antibiotics also increases the risk of oral thrush. Antibiotics kill bacterial flora that compete with candida.
• People with poorly fitting dentures are also more likely to get thrush.

At Risk Individuals

• People with an immune deficiency (e.g. as a result of AIDS/HIV or chemotherapy treatment)
• Newborn babies
• Denture users
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• As a side effect of medication, most commonly having taken antibiotics. Inhaled corticosteroids for treatment of lung conditions (e.g, asthma or COPD) may also result in oral candidiasis which may be reduced by regularly rinsing the mouth with water after taking the medication.
• People with poor nutrition, specifically vitamin A, iron and folate deficiencies
• People with an immune deficiency (e.g. as a result of AIDS/HIV or chemotherapy treatment)
• Women undergoing hormonal changes, like pregnancy or those on birth control pills
• Organ transplantation patients