Gynecomastia classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | !First Author | ||
! | !Year | ||
! | !Method of classification | ||
! | !Classification system | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Simon | ||
| | |1973 | ||
| | |Physical | ||
| | | | ||
* Grade 1: Small visible breast enlargement, no skin redundancy | * Grade 1: Small visible breast enlargement, no skin redundancy | ||
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* Grade 3: Marked breast enlargement with marked skin redundancy | * Grade 3: Marked breast enlargement with marked skin redundancy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rohrich | |||
|2003 | |||
|Physical/Tissue type | |||
| | | | ||
* Grade 1 : Minimal hyperteophy, (less than 250g of tissue) without ptosis | |||
** 1a : Primary glandular | |||
** 1b : Primarily fibrous | |||
* Grade 2 : moderate hypertrophy (250-500g of breast tissue) without ptosis | |||
** 2a : Primarily glandular | |||
** 2b : primarily fibrous | |||
* Grade 3 : Severe hypertrophy (>500g of breast tissue with grade 1 ptosis glandular or fibrou | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | |
Revision as of 20:33, 18 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Gynecomastia may be classified into 11 classification syste,ms based on a total of 10 breast characteristics
- Breast size
- skin redundancy
- skin elasticity
- Breast ptosis
- Tissue predominance
- Upper Abdominal Laxity
- Nipple malposition
- Tuberosity
- Chest shape and Absence of sternal notch
- Breast Skin Elasticity
Classification
First Author | Year | Method of classification | Classification system |
---|---|---|---|
Simon | 1973 | Physical |
|
Rohrich | 2003 | Physical/Tissue type |
|
The spectrum of gynecomastia severity has been categorized into a grading system:[1][2]
- Grade I: Minor enlargement, no skin excess
- Grade II: Moderate enlargement, no skin excess
- Grade III: Moderate enlargement, skin excess
- Grade IV: Marked enlargement, skin excess
References
- ↑ Wollina, U; Goldman, A (June 2011). "Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast". Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 10 (2): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00548.x. PMID 21649820.
- ↑ Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S (1973). "Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia". Plast Reconstr Surg. 51 (1): 48–52. PMID 4687568.