Tetanus risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include: | There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include:<ref name="urlTetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html |title=Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26797167">{{cite journal| author=Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H et al.| title=Notes from the Field: Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention--Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 36-7 | pmid=26797167 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6502a5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26797167 }} </ref> | ||
*Improper [[immunization]] | *Improper [[immunization]] | ||
*Presence of a [[puncture wound]] | *Presence of a [[puncture wound]] | ||
*Simultaneous infection with other pathogens | |||
*Presence of a foreign body, such as a splinter or a nail | *Presence of a foreign body, such as a splinter or a nail | ||
*Presence of dead [[tissue]] | *Presence of dead [[tissue]] | ||
*Crushing injuries | *Crushing injuries | ||
*Burns | *Burns | ||
*Limited ischemia | |||
*Working in unhygienic environment | *Working in unhygienic environment | ||
*Hiking in bat caves | *Hiking in bat caves | ||
| Line 21: | Line 23: | ||
*Road side accidents | *Road side accidents | ||
===Injuries related to Tetanus=== | |||
There are many different injuries that can result in tetanus. Some of these injuries include:<ref name="urlTetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html |title=Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26797167">{{cite journal| author=Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H et al.| title=Notes from the Field: Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention--Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 36-7 | pmid=26797167 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6502a5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26797167 }} </ref> | |||
*Animal bites | *Animal bites | ||
*Different types of [[dental]] procedures | *Different types of [[dental]] procedures | ||
*[[Wounds]] from [[surgeries]] | *[[Wounds]] from [[surgeries]] | ||
*Infection of umbilical stump in neonates | |||
*Septic abortion | |||
*Male circumcision (specially in subSaharan Africa) | |||
*Crush injuries | *Crush injuries | ||
*Gunshot wounds | *Gunshot wounds | ||
| Line 35: | Line 41: | ||
*Injecting drugs | *Injecting drugs | ||
*Self tattooing | *Self tattooing | ||
===Rare Conditions leading to Tetanus=== | |||
*Intra muscular injections | |||
*IV drug abuse | |||
*Chronic sores | |||
*Dental infections | |||
*Superficial clean wounds | |||
*Insect bites | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:21, 26 May 2017
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Tetanus risk factors On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Clostridium tetani spores can be found in various locations including manure, soil and dust. Inhabitants of developing countries are at a higher risk of acquiring tetanus because of lack of tetanus vaccination. Various risk factors for tetanus include contaminated wounds, punctured wounds, crushing, burns and working in unhygienic environment.[1]
Risk Factors
There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include:[1][2]
- Improper immunization
- Presence of a puncture wound
- Simultaneous infection with other pathogens
- Presence of a foreign body, such as a splinter or a nail
- Presence of dead tissue
- Crushing injuries
- Burns
- Limited ischemia
- Working in unhygienic environment
- Hiking in bat caves
- Sports injuries
- Road side accidents
There are many different injuries that can result in tetanus. Some of these injuries include:[1][2]
- Animal bites
- Different types of dental procedures
- Wounds from surgeries
- Infection of umbilical stump in neonates
- Septic abortion
- Male circumcision (specially in subSaharan Africa)
- Crush injuries
- Gunshot wounds
- Puncture wounds
- Burns
- Foot ulcers in diabetic patients
- Ear infections
- Compound fractures
- Injecting drugs
- Self tattooing
Rare Conditions leading to Tetanus
- Intra muscular injections
- IV drug abuse
- Chronic sores
- Dental infections
- Superficial clean wounds
- Insect bites
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H; et al. (2016). "Notes from the Field: Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention--Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 65 (2): 36–7. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6502a5. PMID 26797167.