Hyperkalemia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Hyperkalemia}} | {{Hyperkalemia}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hyperkalemia is a laboratory finding that is a result of several conditions. These conditions must be differentiated as a cause of hyperkalemia. The following table summarize the differentiating features of causes of hyperkalemia. | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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!Labs | !Labs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3" |Renal | ||
|Acute kidney injury | |[[Acute kidney injury]] | ||
|Nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, fatigue, dyspnea, edema | |[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], decreased [[urine output]], [[fatigue]], [[dyspnea]], [[edema]] | ||
|Tremor, confusion, edema | |[[Tremor]], [[confusion]], [[edema]] | ||
|Hyperkalemia, increased BUN and Cr, metabolic acidosis | |[[Hyperkalemia]], [[Azotemia|increased BUN and Cr]], [[metabolic acidosis]] | ||
|Recently developed symptoms | |Recently developed symptoms | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Chronic kidney | |[[Chronic kidney disease]] | ||
|Nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, fatigue, dyspnea, edema | |[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], decreased [[urine output]], [[fatigue]], [[dyspnea]], [[edema]] | ||
|Tremor, confusion, edema | |[[Tremor]], [[confusion]], [[edema]] | ||
|Hyperkalemia, increased BUN and Cr, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia | |[[Hyperkalemia]], [[Azotemia|increased BUN and Cr]], [[metabolic acidosis]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hyperphosphatemia]] | ||
|Chronic underlying disease (DM, HTN), duration of symptoms ≥ 3 months | |Chronic underlying disease ([[Diabetes mellitus|DM]], [[Hypertension|HTN]]), duration of symptoms ≥ 3 months | ||
|- | |||
|[[Renal tubular acidosis|Renal tubular acidosis type-4]] | |||
|Usually asyptomatic | |||
|Signs of underlying disease | |||
|[[Hyperkalemia]], normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, urine PH< 5.5 | |||
|History of [[diabetes mellitus]] | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="4" |Endocrine | |||
|[[Diabetic ketoacidosis|DKA]] | |||
|[[Change in mental status]], [[abdominal pain]] | |||
|Decreased skin turgor, dry oral mucosa, [[tachycardia]] | |||
|[[Hyperglycemia]], increased anion gap [[metabolic acidosis]], [[ketonemia]] | |||
|Rapidly developing [[polyuria]], [[polydipsia]], and [[weight loss]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state|HHS]] | ||
| | |[[Change in mental status]], [[abdominal pain]] | ||
| | |Decreased skin turgor, dry oral mucosa, [[tachycardia]] | ||
| | |Severe [[hyperglycemia]], normal anion gap, increased serum osmolality | ||
| | |[[Polyuria]], [[polydipsia]], and [[weight loss]] develop more insidious | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] (CAH) | ||
| | |[[Poor feeding]], [[failure to thrive]], [[precocious puberty]], short statue, [[hirsutism]], [[weight loss]] | ||
| | |[[Ambiguous genitalia]], [[hypotension]] | ||
| | |[[Hyperkalemia]], increased [[17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone|17 hydroxyprogestrone]], [[hyponatremia]] | ||
| | |Salt wasting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[Addison's disease]] | ||
| | |Skin [[hyperpigmentation]], [[fatigue]], salt craving, [[nausea and vomiting]], [[amenorrhea]], [[depression]] | ||
| | |[[Hyperpigmentation]], [[hypotension]], pubic and axillary hair loss | ||
| | |[[Hyperkalemia]], decreased serum cortisol level | ||
| | |Diagnosis by cosyntropin test | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="2" |Tissue break down | ||
| | |[[Tumor lysis syndrome]] | ||
| | |[[Fever]], [[weight loss]], symptoms related to underlying malignancy | ||
| | |[[Altered mental status]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[muscle weakness]] | ||
| | |[[Hyperkalemia]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[hypocalcemia]] | ||
| | |History of underlying malignancy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[Rhabdomyolysis]] | ||
| | |[[Myalgia]], [[fatigue]] | ||
| | |[[Altered mental status]], [[hypotension]] | ||
| | |[[Hyperkalemia]], increased muscle enzymes (CK, aldolase) | ||
| | |History of [[seizure]], [[drug overdose]], or [[trauma]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 18:11, 30 May 2017
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperkalemia differential diagnosis |
Overview
Hyperkalemia is a laboratory finding that is a result of several conditions. These conditions must be differentiated as a cause of hyperkalemia. The following table summarize the differentiating features of causes of hyperkalemia.
Differential Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia is a laboratory finding that is a result of several conditions. These conditions must be differentiated as a cause of hyperkalemia. The following table summarize the differentiating features of causes of hyperkalemia.