Toxoplasmosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Toxoplasma gondii|Toxoplasma]] infection is diagnosed by the presence of [[Parasites|parasite]] in the fluids such as blood, body fluids, or tissue by [[DNA]] amplification, microscopy or by isolation of the organism. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the [[PCR]] of the amniotic fluid and a positive test is diagnostic of congenital toxoplasmosis.<ref name="pmid10521739">{{cite journal| author=Foulon W, Pinon JM, Stray-Pedersen B, Pollak A, Lappalainen M, Decoster A et al.| title=Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: a multicenter evaluation of different diagnostic parameters. | journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol | year= 1999 | volume= 181 | issue= 4 | pages= 843-7 | pmid=10521739 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10521739 }} </ref> | [[Toxoplasma gondii|Toxoplasma]] infection is diagnosed by the presence of [[Parasites|parasite]] in the fluids such as blood, body fluids, or tissue by [[DNA]] amplification, microscopy or by isolation of the organism. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the [[PCR]] of the amniotic fluid and a positive test is diagnostic of congenital toxoplasmosis. The most commonly used diagnostic investigation for early detection is the [[Serological testing|serological]] detection of antibodies ([[IgG]], [[IgM]] and [[IgA]]) in the serum. A combination of all the [[antibodies]] ([[IgG]], [[IgM]], [[IgA]]) is usally employed.<ref name="pmid10521739">{{cite journal| author=Foulon W, Pinon JM, Stray-Pedersen B, Pollak A, Lappalainen M, Decoster A et al.| title=Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: a multicenter evaluation of different diagnostic parameters. | journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol | year= 1999 | volume= 181 | issue= 4 | pages= 843-7 | pmid=10521739 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10521739 }} </ref> | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
Revision as of 00:09, 1 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Toxoplasma infection is diagnosed by the presence of parasite in the fluids such as blood, body fluids, or tissue by DNA amplification, microscopy or by isolation of the organism. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the PCR of the amniotic fluid and a positive test is diagnostic of congenital toxoplasmosis. The most commonly used diagnostic investigation for early detection is the serological detection of antibodies (IgG, IgM and IgA) in the serum. A combination of all the antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) is usally employed.[1]
Laboratory Findings
Toxoplasma infection is diagnosed by the presence of parasite in the fluids such as blood, body fluids, or tissue by DNA amplification, microscopy or by isolation of the organism. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the PCR of the amniotic fluid and a positive test is diagnostic of congenital toxoplasmosis.[1]
Principles and various methods used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis:
| Principle | Detection | Method | Findings supporting the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toxoplasma specific humoral responses[2] | IgG, IgM, IgA | Dye test, ELISA, ELISA-like assays, immunofluorescence, agglutination | |
| IgG, IgM, and IgA to specific Toxoplasma antigen | |||
| Toxoplasma nucleic acid amplification | DNA | PCR |
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| Immunohistochemistry of Toxoplasma specific antigens in tissue | Antigens | Immunoperoxidase |
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| Visualization by microscopy | Visual identification of tachyzoites and/or cysts | Stains such as hematoxylin/eosin, Giemsa |
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| Isolation of Toxoplasma | Whole live parasite | Inoculation in peritoneal cavity of mice |
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| Brain imaging |
Ultrasound, CT, brain MRI |
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| Retinal exam | Inflammation in choroidal and retinal layers | Ophthalmologic exam |
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Microscopy
A: Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, stained with Giemsa, from a smear of peritoneal fluid obtained from a mouse inoculated with T. gondii. Tachyzoites are typically crescent shaped with a prominent, centrally placed nucleus.
B: Toxoplasma gondii cyst in brain tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin (100×). C: Zoom of Image B, T. gondii cyst.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Foulon W, Pinon JM, Stray-Pedersen B, Pollak A, Lappalainen M, Decoster A; et al. (1999). "Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: a multicenter evaluation of different diagnostic parameters". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 181 (4): 843–7. PMID 10521739.
- ↑ Tanimura K, Nishikawa A, Tairaku S, Shinozaki N, Deguchi M, Morizane M; et al. (2015). "The IgG avidity value for the prediction of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the amniotic fluid". J Infect Chemother. 21 (9): 668–71. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.013. PMID 26141811.