Tetanus risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Usama Talib (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Usama Talib (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include:<ref name="urlTetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html |title=Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=" | There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include:<ref name="urlTetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html |title=Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25065047">{{cite journal| author=Del Pilar Morales E, Bertrán Pasarell J, Cardona Rodriguez Z, Almodovar Mercado JC, Figueroa Navarro A| title=Cephalic tetanus following penetrating eye trauma: a case report. | journal=Bol Asoc Med P R | year= 2014 | volume= 106 | issue= 2 | pages= 25-9 | pmid=25065047 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25065047 }} </ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid26797167">{{cite journal| author=Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H et al.| title=Notes from the Field: Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention--Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015. | journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 36-7 | pmid=26797167 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6502a5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26797167 }} </ref> | |||
*Improper [[immunization]] | *Improper [[immunization]] | ||
**Never immunized for tetanus | **Never immunized for tetanus | ||
Revision as of 13:45, 1 June 2017
|
Tetanus Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Tetanus risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tetanus risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Clostridium tetani spores can be found in various locations including manure, soil and dust. Inhabitants of developing countries are at a higher risk of acquiring tetanus because of lack of tetanus vaccination. Various risk factors for tetanus include contaminated wounds, punctured wounds, crushing, burns and working in unhygienic environment.[1][2]
Risk Factors
There are various risk factors that increase the chance of acquiring tetanus. These include:[1][2] [3]
- Improper immunization
- Never immunized for tetanus
- No booster after 10 years of last dose
- Presence of a puncture wound
- Simultaneous infection with other pathogens
- Presence of a foreign body, such as a splinter or a nail
- Presence of dead tissue
- Crushing injuries
- Burns
- Limited ischemia
- Working in unhygienic environment
- Hiking in bat caves
- Sports injuries
- Road side accidents
There are many different injuries that can result in tetanus. Some of these injuries include:[1][3]
- Animal bites
- Different types of dental procedures
- Wounds from surgeries
- Infection of umbilical stump in neonates
- Septic abortion
- Male circumcision (specially in subSaharan Africa)
- Crush injuries
- Gunshot wounds
- Puncture wounds
- Burns
- Foot ulcers in diabetic patients
- Ear infections
- Compound fractures
- Injecting drugs
- Self tattooing
Rare Conditions leading to Tetanus
- Intra muscular injections
- IV drug abuse
- Chronic sores
- Dental infections
- Superficial clean wounds
- Insect bites
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Tetanus | About Tetanus Disease | Lockjaw | CDC".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Del Pilar Morales E, Bertrán Pasarell J, Cardona Rodriguez Z, Almodovar Mercado JC, Figueroa Navarro A (2014). "Cephalic tetanus following penetrating eye trauma: a case report". Bol Asoc Med P R. 106 (2): 25–9. PMID 25065047.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H; et al. (2016). "Notes from the Field: Tetanus Cases After Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention--Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 65 (2): 36–7. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6502a5. PMID 26797167.