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==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==
Antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed depending on the underlying mechanism for example, in a patient with Zollinger ellison syndrome (ZES) where hypersecretion of gastrin is the underlying cause of the diarrhea, proton pumps inhibitors can be used.<ref name="pmid7605866">{{cite journal| author=Schiller LR| title=Review article: anti-diarrhoeal pharmacology and therapeutics. | journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther | year= 1995 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 87-106 | pmid=7605866 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7605866  }} </ref>
Below are some of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and some of their mechanisms of actions.
'''Inhibitors of intestinal transit time'''
*Opiates
**Loperamide
**Eluxadoline
**Diphenoxylate
**Difenoxin
**Codeine
**Opium
**Paregoric
**Morphine
*Encephalinase inhibitor
**Racecadotril
*5-HT3-receptor antagonist
**Alosetron
*α2-Adrenergic agonist
**Clonidine
*Somatostatin and analogs
**Octreotide
**Lanreotide
**Pasireotide
*Calcium channel blocker
**Nifedipine
'''Pro-absorptive agents'''
*Glucose, amino acids
**Oral rehydration solution
*α2-Adrenergic agonist
**Clonidine
'''Antisecretory drugs'''
*Somatostatin and analogs
**Octreotide
**Lanreotide
**Pasireotide
*Enterocyte apical membrane chloride channel inhibitors
**Crofelemer
*Berberine
*Calcium channel blockers
**Nifedipine
*Calmodulin inhibitors
**Chlorpromazine
**Trifluoperazine
*Calcium-sensing receptor ligands
**Calcium
*Nicotinic acid
*Lithium
*Zinc
*Bismuth
*Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
*Corticosteroids
*Teduglutide
'''Intraluminal agents'''
*Adsorbents
**Clays
*Bile acid-binding resins
**Cholestyramine
**Colestipol
**Colesevelam
*Fiber


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:54, 7 June 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

Antidiarrheal drugs can be broadly defined as agents that minimize the symptoms of diarrhea by improving stool consistency, reducing stool frequency, or reducing stool weight.[1]

Medical Therapy

Antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed depending on the underlying mechanism for example, in a patient with Zollinger ellison syndrome (ZES) where hypersecretion of gastrin is the underlying cause of the diarrhea, proton pumps inhibitors can be used.[1] Below are some of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and some of their mechanisms of actions. Inhibitors of intestinal transit time

  • Opiates
    • Loperamide
    • Eluxadoline
    • Diphenoxylate
    • Difenoxin
    • Codeine
    • Opium
    • Paregoric
    • Morphine
  • Encephalinase inhibitor
    • Racecadotril
  • 5-HT3-receptor antagonist
    • Alosetron
  • α2-Adrenergic agonist
    • Clonidine
  • Somatostatin and analogs
    • Octreotide
    • Lanreotide
    • Pasireotide
  • Calcium channel blocker
    • Nifedipine

Pro-absorptive agents

  • Glucose, amino acids
    • Oral rehydration solution
  • α2-Adrenergic agonist
    • Clonidine

Antisecretory drugs

  • Somatostatin and analogs
    • Octreotide
    • Lanreotide
    • Pasireotide
  • Enterocyte apical membrane chloride channel inhibitors
    • Crofelemer
  • Berberine
  • Calcium channel blockers
    • Nifedipine
  • Calmodulin inhibitors
    • Chlorpromazine
    • Trifluoperazine
  • Calcium-sensing receptor ligands
    • Calcium
  • Nicotinic acid
  • Lithium
  • Zinc
  • Bismuth
  • Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
  • Corticosteroids
  • Teduglutide

Intraluminal agents

  • Adsorbents
    • Clays
  • Bile acid-binding resins
    • Cholestyramine
    • Colestipol
    • Colesevelam
  • Fiber

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schiller LR (1995). "Review article: anti-diarrhoeal pharmacology and therapeutics". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 9 (2): 87–106. PMID 7605866.


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