Chronic diarrhea medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
Antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed depending on the underlying mechanism for example, in a patient with Zollinger ellison syndrome (ZES) where hypersecretion of gastrin is the underlying cause of the diarrhea, proton | Antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed depending on the underlying mechanism for example, in a patient with [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger-ellison syndrome]] (ZES) where hypersecretion of [[gastrin]] is the underlying cause of the diarrhea, [[Proton pump inhibitor|proton pump inhibitors]] can be used.<ref name="pmid7605866">{{cite journal| author=Schiller LR| title=Review article: anti-diarrhoeal pharmacology and therapeutics. | journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther | year= 1995 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 87-106 | pmid=7605866 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7605866 }} </ref> Below are some of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and some of their mechanisms of actions. Some drugs have numerous mechanisms of action and can thus be found under more than one sections. | ||
Below are some of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and some of their mechanisms of actions. Some drugs have numerous mechanisms of action and can thus be found under more than one sections. | |||
'''Inhibitors of intestinal transit time''' | '''Inhibitors of intestinal transit time''' | ||
*Opiates | *[[Opiates]] | ||
**Loperamide | **[[Loperamide]] | ||
**Eluxadoline | **[[Eluxadoline]] | ||
**Diphenoxylate | **[[Diphenoxylate]] | ||
**Difenoxin | **[[Difenoxin]] | ||
**Codeine | **[[Codeine]] | ||
**Opium | **[[Opium]] | ||
**Paregoric | **[[Paregoric]] | ||
**Morphine | **[[Morphine]] | ||
*Encephalinase inhibitor | *Encephalinase inhibitor | ||
**Racecadotril | **[[Racecadotril]] | ||
*5-HT3-receptor antagonist | *[[5-HT3 receptor antagonist|5-HT3-receptor antagonist]] | ||
**Alosetron | **[[Alosetron]] | ||
*α2-Adrenergic agonist | *[[Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor|α2-Adrenergic agonist]] | ||
**Clonidine | **[[Clonidine]] | ||
*Somatostatin and analogs | *[[Somatostatin]] and analogs | ||
**Octreotide | **[[Octreotide]] | ||
**Lanreotide | **[[Lanreotide]] | ||
**Pasireotide | **[[Pasireotide]] | ||
*Calcium channel blocker | *[[Calcium channel blocker]] | ||
**Nifedipine | **[[Nifedipine]] | ||
'''Pro-absorptive agents''' | '''Pro-absorptive agents''' | ||
*Glucose, amino acids | *[[Glucose]], [[amino acids]] | ||
**Oral rehydration solution | **[[Oral rehydration therapy|Oral rehydration solution]] | ||
*α2-Adrenergic agonist | *[[Α2 agonist|α2-Adrenergic agonist]] | ||
**Clonidine | **[[Clonidine]] | ||
'''Antisecretory drugs''' | '''Antisecretory drugs''' | ||
*Somatostatin and analogs | *[[Somatostatin]] and analogs | ||
**Octreotide | **[[Octreotide]] | ||
**Lanreotide | **[[Lanreotide]] | ||
**Pasireotide | **[[Pasireotide]] | ||
*Enterocyte apical membrane chloride channel inhibitors | *[[Enterocyte]] apical membrane chloride channel inhibitors | ||
**Crofelemer | **[[Crofelemer]] | ||
*Berberine | *[[Berberine]] | ||
*Calcium channel blockers | *[[Calcium channel blockers]] | ||
**Nifedipine | **[[Nifedipine]] | ||
*Calmodulin inhibitors | *Calmodulin inhibitors | ||
**Chlorpromazine | **[[Chlorpromazine]] | ||
**Trifluoperazine | **[[Trifluoperazine]] | ||
*Calcium-sensing receptor ligands | *[[Calcium-sensing receptor|Calcium-sensing receptor ligands]] | ||
**Calcium | **[[Calcium]] | ||
*Nicotinic acid | *[[Nicotinic acid]] | ||
*Lithium | *[[Lithium]] | ||
*Zinc | *[[Zinc]] | ||
*Bismuth | *[[Bismuth]] | ||
*Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | *[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs]] | ||
*Corticosteroids | *[[Corticosteroids]] | ||
*Teduglutide | *[[Teduglutide]] | ||
'''Intraluminal agents''' | '''Intraluminal agents''' | ||
*Adsorbents | *[[Adsorbent|Adsorbents]] | ||
**Clays | **Clays | ||
*Bile acid-binding resins | *Bile acid-binding resins | ||
**Cholestyramine | **[[Cholestyramine]] | ||
**Colestipol | **[[Colestipol]] | ||
**Colesevelam | **[[Colesevelam]] | ||
*Fiber | *[[Fiber]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:56, 22 June 2017
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Chronic diarrhea Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Antidiarrheal drugs can be broadly defined as agents that minimize the symptoms of diarrhea by improving stool consistency, reducing stool frequency, or reducing stool weight.[1]
Medical Therapy
Antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed depending on the underlying mechanism for example, in a patient with Zollinger-ellison syndrome (ZES) where hypersecretion of gastrin is the underlying cause of the diarrhea, proton pump inhibitors can be used.[1] Below are some of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and some of their mechanisms of actions. Some drugs have numerous mechanisms of action and can thus be found under more than one sections.
Inhibitors of intestinal transit time
- Opiates
- Encephalinase inhibitor
- 5-HT3-receptor antagonist
- α2-Adrenergic agonist
- Somatostatin and analogs
- Calcium channel blocker
Pro-absorptive agents
Antisecretory drugs
- Somatostatin and analogs
- Enterocyte apical membrane chloride channel inhibitors
- Berberine
- Calcium channel blockers
- Calmodulin inhibitors
- Calcium-sensing receptor ligands
- Nicotinic acid
- Lithium
- Zinc
- Bismuth
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Corticosteroids
- Teduglutide
Intraluminal agents
- Adsorbents
- Clays
- Bile acid-binding resins
- Fiber
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schiller LR (1995). "Review article: anti-diarrhoeal pharmacology and therapeutics". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 9 (2): 87–106. PMID 7605866.