Mastoiditis epidemiology and demographics

Mastoiditis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Mastoiditis incidence is 1.2–6.1 per 100,000 inhabitants in developed countries.

Serious progressions appear more frequently in young children. The rising incidence is connected to restrained antibiotic therapy of AOM, inadequate dosing, choice of antibiotics, and increasing resistance of bacteria

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Age

Acute mastoiditis is most common in children under two years of age. 22832239

22832239

• This section can describe the impact of the disease depending on the persons age, and the age-specific prevalence and incidence.
• The prevalence of ____ (insert disease state here) increases/decreases with age.
• _____ (insert acute disease) commonly affects _____ (insert age group).
• _____ (insert chronic disease) is usually first diagnosed among _____ (insert age group).

Gender

• Men and women are affected equally by mastoiditis.

Race

• There is no racial predilection for ____ (insert disease name)

Developed Countries

• In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developed countries.
• Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.

Developing Countries

• In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developing countries.

In the United States and other developed countries, the incidence of mastoiditis is quite low, around 0.004%, although it is higher in developing countries. The most common ages affected are 6–13 months, as it is during that age that ear infections are most common. Males and females are equally affected.

The characteristics of pediatric acute mastoiditis differed significantly between age groups. Acute mastoiditis was most common in children younger than two years of age. They showed more rapid progress of symptoms and more distinct signs of acute mastoiditis. This is probably the reason why parents rapidly seek medical care for small children and hospital treatment thus starts earlier in the youngest children, which may in turn explain the excellent outcome. This study showed that younger children have neither more severe acute mastoiditis nor more complications than older ones. The differences between age groups suggest that there are distinctions in the pathophysiology behind the onset and course of acute mastoiditis in younger and older children.

AD

Strama Skåne, Grynmalaregatan 1, Lund, Sweden. groth.medical@telia.com

PMID

22832239

The incidence of acute mastoiditis in Colorado children <2 years of age exhibited a dynamic pattern from 1999 to 2008: a significant decline early after introduction of PCV7 that paralleled initial vaccine uptake, followed by an increase in subsequent years to pre-PCV7 levels. Replacement with non-PCV7 pneumococcal serotypes and increased pneumococcal antibiotic resistance may be responsible for the increase in incidence to pre-PCV7 rates. Surveillance of mastoiditis incidence, pathogen distribution and resistance patterns following introduction of 13-valent PCV is warranted. COLORADO