Psittacosis natural history: Difference between revisions
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* Stage of [[flu]] like syndrome | * Stage of [[flu]] like syndrome | ||
* Moderate [[pneumonia]] with X ray findings | * Moderate [[pneumonia]] with X ray findings | ||
* Severe[[pneumonia]] | * Severe [[pneumonia]] | ||
* [[Respiratory failure]] and [[sepsis]] | * [[Respiratory failure]] and [[sepsis]] | ||
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* [[Myocarditis]]<ref name="pmid8463649">{{cite journal |author=Fernández-Guerrero ML |title=Zoonotic endocarditis |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=135–52 |year=1993 |month=March |pmid=8463649 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Myocarditis]]<ref name="pmid8463649">{{cite journal |author=Fernández-Guerrero ML |title=Zoonotic endocarditis |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=135–52 |year=1993 |month=March |pmid=8463649 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Arthritis]] <ref name="pmid331560">{{cite journal |author=Bergeder HD, Rink H |title=[Influence of radiation-induced electrolytic shifts upon the metabolism: VII. On the question of equivalence of K+-loss and Na+-uptake (author's transl)] |language=German |journal=Strahlentherapie |volume=153 |issue=7 |pages=481–4 |year=1977 |month=July |pmid=331560 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Arthritis]] <ref name="pmid331560">{{cite journal |author=Bergeder HD, Rink H |title=[Influence of radiation-induced electrolytic shifts upon the metabolism: VII. On the question of equivalence of K+-loss and Na+-uptake (author's transl)] |language=German |journal=Strahlentherapie |volume=153 |issue=7 |pages=481–4 |year=1977 |month=July |pmid=331560 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Chronic follicular conjunctivitis | * Chronic follicular [[conjunctivitis]] | ||
*Lymphoma | *[[Lymphoma]] | ||
*Gestational psittacosis | *Gestational [[psittacosis]] | ||
* [[Encephalitis]] - rare but fatal | * [[Encephalitis]] - rare but fatal | ||
Revision as of 13:12, 28 June 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Psittacosis, if left untreated presents as a flu like symptom or an atypical pneumonia in most cases. In the first week of psittacosis the symtoms mimic typhoid fever; prostrating high fevers, arthralgias, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, epistaxis and leukopenia. Headache can be so severe that suggests meningitis and some nuchal rigidity is not unusual. Towards the end of first week stupor or even comacan result in severe cases. The second week is more akin of acute bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia with continuous high fevers, cough and dyspnea. Some complications include respiratory failure, acute tubular necrosis, hemolytic anemia, endocarditis, hepatitis, encephalitis and in some fatal cases death.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
Psittacosis presents chiefly as an atypical pneumonia. In the first week of psittacosis the symtoms mimic typhoid fever: prostrating high fevers, arthralgias, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, epistaxis and leukopenia. Headache can be so severe that suggests meningitis and some nuchal rigidity is not unusual. Towards the end of first week stupor or even comacan result in severe cases. The second week is more akin of acute bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia with continuous high fevers, cough and dyspnea. If untreated it progresses as following:
- Stage of flu like syndrome
- Moderate pneumonia with X ray findings
- Severe pneumonia
- Respiratory failure and sepsis
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of psittacosis are;
- Respiratory failure[1]
- Acute tubular necrosis[2]
- Hemolytic anemia[3]
- Endocarditis[4]
- Hepatitis [5]
- Myocarditis[4]
- Arthritis [6]
- Chronic follicular conjunctivitis
- Lymphoma
- Gestational psittacosis
- Encephalitis - rare but fatal
Prognosis
Psittacosis is a treatable infectious disease. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, prognosis is good. If the patient goes untreated or goes into renal failure or respiratory failure, prognosis is poor.
References
- ↑ Verweij PE, Meis JF, Eijk R, Melchers WJ, Galama JM (1995). "Severe human psittacosis requiring artificial ventilation: case report and review". Clin. Infect. Dis. 20 (2): 440–2. PMID 7742452. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Jeffrey RF, More IA, Carrington D, Briggs JD, Junor BJ (1992). "Acute glomerulonephritis following infection with Chlamydia psittaci". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 20 (1): 94–6. PMID 1621687. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Timmerman R, Bieger R (1989). "Haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins caused by psittacosis". Neth J Med. 34 (5–6): 306–9. PMID 2770941. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fernández-Guerrero ML (1993). "Zoonotic endocarditis". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 7 (1): 135–52. PMID 8463649. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Carella G, Marra L, Vallot T (1996). "[Hepatic psittacosis: a case of liver abnormality diagnosed by ultrasonography]". Presse Med (in French). 25 (5): 197–8. PMID 8729379. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bergeder HD, Rink H (1977). "[Influence of radiation-induced electrolytic shifts upon the metabolism: VII. On the question of equivalence of K+-loss and Na+-uptake (author's transl)]". Strahlentherapie (in German). 153 (7): 481–4. PMID 331560. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)