Chickenpox medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There is no definitive treatment for chicken pox, supportive treatment to minimize discomfort and pruritus. Anti-viral therapy with acyclovir and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash. | There is no definitive treatment for chicken pox, supportive treatment to minimize discomfort and [[pruritus]]. Anti-viral therapy with [[acyclovir]] and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash. | ||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
===Symptomatic treatment=== | ===Symptomatic treatment=== | ||
*Mild [[sodium bicarbonate]] baths, [[antihistamine]] medication to help ease itching | *Mild [[sodium bicarbonate]] baths, [[antihistamine]] medication to help ease itching. | ||
*Acetaminophen to reduce fever | *[[Acetaminophen]] to reduce fever | ||
*Ibuprofen | *[[Ibuprofen]] | ||
*'''ASPIRIN MUST NOT BE GIVEN''' to children with chickenpox to avoid potentially fatal [[Reye's Syndrome]]. <ref>{{cite web | author=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/varicella/dis-faqs-gen-treatment.htm | title=Varicella Treatment Questions & Answers | work=CDC Guidelines | publisher=CDC | accessdate=2007-8-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Somekh E, Dalal I, Shohat T, Ginsberg''''' GM''''', Romano O |title=The burden of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox in Israel |journal=J. Infect. |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=54-7 |year=2002 |pmid=12217733 |doi=}}</ref> | *'''ASPIRIN MUST NOT BE GIVEN''' to children with chickenpox to avoid potentially fatal [[Reye's Syndrome]]. <ref>{{cite web | author=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/varicella/dis-faqs-gen-treatment.htm | title=Varicella Treatment Questions & Answers | work=CDC Guidelines | publisher=CDC | accessdate=2007-8-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Somekh E, Dalal I, Shohat T, Ginsberg''''' GM''''', Romano O |title=The burden of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox in Israel |journal=J. Infect. |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=54-7 |year=2002 |pmid=12217733 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
* Maintaining adequate hydration | * Maintaining adequate hydration | ||
* Intravenous | * Intravenous [[immunoglobulin]] therapy is also considered in pregnant women, [[immunocompromised]] patients and newborns who are not vaccinated. | ||
====Anti-viral Therapy==== | ====Anti-viral Therapy==== | ||
* Anti-viral therapy with acyclovir and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash.<ref name="urlA Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199111283252203#t=article |title=A Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1323943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, Brodine SK, Oldfield EC |title=Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=117 |issue=5 |pages=358–63 |year=1992 |pmid=1323943 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26379165">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kechagia IA, Kalantzi L, Dokoumetzidis A |title=Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling |journal=Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1342–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26379165 |doi=10.1097/INF.0000000000000910 |url=}}</ref> | * Anti-viral therapy with [[acyclovir]] and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash.<ref name="urlA Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199111283252203#t=article |title=A Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1323943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, Brodine SK, Oldfield EC |title=Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=117 |issue=5 |pages=358–63 |year=1992 |pmid=1323943 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26379165">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kechagia IA, Kalantzi L, Dokoumetzidis A |title=Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling |journal=Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1342–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26379165 |doi=10.1097/INF.0000000000000910 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Antiviral]] medications are recommended for people with chickenpox who are more likely to develop serious [[disease]] including: | *[[Antiviral]] medications are recommended for people with chickenpox who are more likely to develop serious [[disease]] including: | ||
**People with chronic lung or skin disease such as [[eczema]] | **People with chronic lung or skin disease such as [[eczema]] | ||
Revision as of 13:51, 30 June 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
There is no definitive treatment for chicken pox, supportive treatment to minimize discomfort and pruritus. Anti-viral therapy with acyclovir and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash.
Medical Therapy
Symptomatic treatment
- Mild sodium bicarbonate baths, antihistamine medication to help ease itching.
- Acetaminophen to reduce fever
- Ibuprofen
- ASPIRIN MUST NOT BE GIVEN to children with chickenpox to avoid potentially fatal Reye's Syndrome. [1][2]
- Maintaining adequate hydration
- Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is also considered in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and newborns who are not vaccinated.
Anti-viral Therapy
- Anti-viral therapy with acyclovir and valcyclovir is beneficial if given within the first 24hrs of the appearance of the rash.[3][4][5]
- Antiviral medications are recommended for people with chickenpox who are more likely to develop serious disease including:
- People with chronic lung or skin disease such as eczema
- People receiving steroid therapy
Acyclovir, an antiviral medication, is licensed for treatment of chickenpox. Other antiviral medications that may also work against chickenpox include valacyclovir and famciclovir.
Medications to avoid
References
- ↑ US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Varicella Treatment Questions & Answers". CDC Guidelines. CDC. Retrieved 2007-8-23. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ Somekh E, Dalal I, Shohat T, Ginsberg GM, Romano O (2002). "The burden of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox in Israel". J. Infect. 45 (1): 54–7. PMID 12217733.
- ↑ "A Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children — NEJM".
- ↑ Wallace MR, Bowler WA, Murray NB, Brodine SK, Oldfield EC (1992). "Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 117 (5): 358–63. PMID 1323943.
- ↑ Kechagia IA, Kalantzi L, Dokoumetzidis A (2015). "Extrapolation of Valacyclovir Posology to Children Based on Pharmacokinetic Modeling". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 34 (12): 1342–8. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000910. PMID 26379165.