Pituitary apoplexy history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Pituitary apoplexy}} | {{Pituitary apoplexy}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Akshun}} | [[Photophobia]]{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Akshun}} | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
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Symptoms usually include: | Symptoms usually include: | ||
*Severe [[headache]]. It is generally the first symptom to appear (seen in 80% of patients). | *Severe [[headache]]. It is generally the first [[symptom]] to appear (seen in 80% of patients). | ||
*Paralysis of the eye muscles ([[ophthalmoplegia]]), causing double vision (diplopia) . It can be due to | *[[Paralysis]] of the eye [[Muscle|muscles]] ([[ophthalmoplegia]]), causing double vision ([[diplopia]]) . It can be due to [[intra]][[cavernous]] expansion of the [[tumor]] mass or a sudden increase in pressure in the [[pituitary]] region.<ref name="pmid10468988">{{cite journal| author=Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA| title=Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome. | journal=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | year= 1999 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-8 | pmid=10468988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10468988 }} </ref> | ||
*Visual disturbances from compression of surrounding structures (optic chiasm and optic tract). | *Visual disturbances from compression of surrounding structures ([[optic chiasm]] and [[optic tract]]). | ||
*Extravasation of blood into subarachnoid space can lead to signs of meningeal irritation such as nausea, vomitting, photophobia and meningismus. | *[[Extravasation]] of blood into [[subarachnoid space]] can lead to signs of [[meningeal irritation]] such as nausea, [[vomitting]], [[photophobia]] and [[meningismus.]] | ||
*Low [[blood pressure]], [[nausea]], and [[vomit]]ing from [[acute adrenal insufficiency]] | *Low [[blood pressure]], [[nausea]], and [[vomit]]ing from [[acute adrenal insufficiency]] | ||
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*Failure of the [[uterus]] to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women) | *Failure of the [[uterus]] to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women) | ||
*Failure to produce breast milk (in women) | *Failure to produce [[breast milk]] (in women) | ||
*Uncontrolled urination | *Uncontrolled [[urination]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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PhotophobiaEditor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Symptoms
Pituitary infarction usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening.
Symptoms usually include:
- Severe headache. It is generally the first symptom to appear (seen in 80% of patients).
- Paralysis of the eye muscles (ophthalmoplegia), causing double vision (diplopia) . It can be due to intracavernous expansion of the tumor mass or a sudden increase in pressure in the pituitary region.[1]
- Visual disturbances from compression of surrounding structures (optic chiasm and optic tract).
- Extravasation of blood into subarachnoid space can lead to signs of meningeal irritation such as nausea, vomitting, photophobia and meningismus.
- Low blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting from acute adrenal insufficiency
Less commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In Sheehan syndrome, for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by lack of the hormone prolactin.
Over time, problems with other pituitary hormones may develop, causing symptoms of the following conditions:
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Fatigue
- Increased fat in the abdomen
- Lack of energy
- Hypoadrenalism (if not already present or treated)
- Inability to deal with physical stress
- Nausea
- Hypogonadism
- Absent periods (amenorrhea) in women
- Sexual dysfunction and loss of muscle mass in men
- Hypothyroidism
- Cold intolerance
- Constipation
- Depressed mood
- Dry skin
- Fatigue
- Hair or skin changes
- Hoarseness
- Menstrual changes
- Mental slowing
- Weight gain
When the posterior pituitary is involved (rare), symptoms may include:
- Failure of the uterus to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women)
- Failure to produce breast milk (in women)
- Uncontrolled urination
References
- ↑ Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA (1999). "Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 51 (2): 181–8. PMID 10468988.